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Mylonas, Konstantinos S.; Ziogas, Ioannis A.; Evangeliou, Alexandros; Hemmati, Pouya; Schizas, Dimitrios; Sfyridis, Panagiotis G.; Economopoulos, Konstantinos P.; Bakoyiannis, Christos; Kapelouzou, Alkistis; Tzifa, Aphrodite; Avgerinos, Dimitrios V.
Pediatric cardiology, 06/2020, Volume: 41, Issue: 5Journal Article
Device closure is the first-line treatment for most atrial septal defects (ASDs). Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has been found safe and effective for ASD closure with comparable mortality/morbidity and superior cosmetic results compared to conventional median sternotomy. Our goal was to compare percutaneous versus MICS of ASDs. A systematic review was performed using PubMed and the Cochrane Library (end-of-search date on May 22, 2019). Meta-analyses were conducted using fixed and random effects models. In the present systematic review, we analyzed six studies including 1577 patients with ASDs who underwent either MICS ( n = 642) or device closure ( n = 935). Treatment efficacy was significantly higher in the MICS (99.8%; 95% CI 98.9–99.9) compared to the device closure group (97.3%; 95% CI 95.6–98.2), (OR 0.1; 95% CI 0.02–0.6). Surgical patients experienced significantly more complications (16.2%; 95% CI 13.0–19.9) compared to those that were treated with a percutaneous approach (7.1%; 95% CI 5.0–9.8), (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2–3.2). Surgery was associated with significantly longer length of hospital stay (5.6 ± 1.7 days) compared to device closure (1.3 ± 1.4 days), (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.1–20.5). Residual shunts were more common with the transcatheter (3.9%; 95% CI 2.7–5.5) compared to the surgical approach (0.95%; 95% CI 0.3–2.4), (OR 0.1; 95% CI 0.06–0.5). There was no difference between the two techniques in terms of major bleeding, hematoma formation, transfusion requirements, cardiac tamponade, new-onset atrial fibrillation, permanent pacemaker placement, and reoperation rates. MICS for ASD is a safe procedure and compares favorably to transcatheter closure. Despite longer hospitalization requirements, the MICS approach is feasible irrespective of ASD anatomy and may lead to a more effective and durable repair.
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