Introduction An association between a history of induced abortion and psychological well‐being post‐abortion has been demonstrated in recently published studies, which is contrary to the findings of existing known high‐quality studies. Material and methods An evaluation was conducted to determine whether a history of abortion affected the psychological well‐being and parental self‐efficacy of first‐time mothers and their partners; this assessment was performed when the child was aged 18 months. Questionnaires were administered to 492 first‐time mothers, 37 of whom had a history of abortion, and their partners (n = 436). Women with previous miscarriages, ectopic pregnancies, and deliveries were excluded. The women were allocated to an abortion group or a comparison group, depending on each woman's abortion history obtained from medical birth registry data. Psychological well‐being, which encompassed social and emotional loneliness, marital satisfaction, social phobia, and depression, was evaluated as a predictor of maternal and paternal self‐efficacy within the two groups. The analysis was conducted using multi‐group structural equation modeling. Results Induced abortion was not predictive of maternal or paternal well‐being or parental self‐efficacy. Overall, maternal and paternal psychological well‐being was predictive of parental self‐efficacy when an assessment was performed, regardless of an abortion history. After testing the invariance of multi‐group models, psychological well‐being was similarly found to predict parental self‐efficacy in both the abortion history and comparison groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that the psychological well‐being of parents is an important predictor of maternal and paternal self‐efficacy during toddlerhood. Abortion history was not demonstrated to negatively impact the psychological well‐being of parents with respect to their capacity for parental self‐efficacy.