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Massirio, Paolo; Battaglini, Marcella; Bonato, Irene; De Crescenzo, Sara; Calevo, Maria Grazia; Malova, Mariya; Caruggi, Samuele; Parodi, Alessandro; Preiti, Deborah; Zoia, Agata; Uccella, Sara; Tortora, Domenico; Severino, Mariasavina; Rossi, Andrea; Traggiai, Cristina; Nobili, Lino; Striano, Pasquale; Ramenghi, Luca Antonio
Nutrients, 02/2024, Volume: 16, Issue: 3Journal Article
Extra-uterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a common complication and a known risk factor for impaired development in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates. We report a population of 288 patients with no or with low-grade MRI lesions scanned at a term equivalent age (TEA) born between 2012 and 2018. Griffiths Mental Development Scale II (GMDS II) at 2 and 3 years, preterm complications and weight growth were retrospectively analyzed. EUGR was defined for weight z-score ˂ 10 percentile at TEA, 6 and 12 months of correct age or as z-score decreased by 1-point standard deviation (SDS) from birth to TEA and from TEA to 6 months. Multivariate analysis showed that a higher weight z-score at 6 months is protective for the global developmental quotient (DQ) at 2 years (OR 0.74; CI 95% 0.59-0.93; = 0.01). EUGR at 6 months was associated with worse locomotor, personal/social, language and performance DQ at 2 years and worse language and practical reasoning DQ at 3 years. In conclusion, a worse weight z-score at 6 months of age seems to be an independent risk factor for significantly reduced GMDS in many areas. These results suggest that we should invest more into post-discharge nutrition, optimizing family nutritional education.
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