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  • Pure and Pr-doped Ce 4 W 9 ...
    Kim, Jun-Sik; Kim, Ki Beom; Li, Hua-Yao; Lim, Kyeorei; Moon, Young Kook; Yoon, Ji Won; Lee, Jong-Heun

    Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability, 08/2021, Volume: 9, Issue: 30
    Journal Article

    Water poisoning has been a long-standing problem in oxide semiconductor gas sensors. Herein, for the first time, we report that pure and Pr-doped Ce 4 W 9 O 33 provide humidity-independent gas sensing characteristics. Ce 4 W 9 O 33 and Pr-doped Ce 4 W 9 O 33 powders with a porous structure have been successfully prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and subsequent annealing at low temperature (600 °C). Interestingly, these p-type oxide semiconductors exhibited nearly the same gas sensing characteristics at 300 °C regardless of humidity variation, whereas pure WO 3 showed a significant decrease of sensor resistance and gas response when the atmosphere is changed from dry to relative humidity 80%. Furthermore, Ce 4 W 9 O 33 -based sensors showed highly selective and sensitive detection of ppm-level trimethylamine (TMA). Moisture-endurant gas sensing characteristics were discussed in relation to surface regeneration through the hydroxyl scavenging reaction assisted by abundant Ln 3+ (Ln = Ce, Pr) in (Ce 1−x Pr x ) 4 W 9 O 33 ( x = 0–0.3) and TMA selectivity was explained by the acid–base interaction between the analyte gas and sensing material. Phase-pure ternary or quaternary oxides with a decreased oxidation state of lanthanide components provide a new and general strategy to design humidity-independent gas sensors with new functionality.