为明确脱贫地区农村人居环境整治思路，本研究通过国家农村人居环境政策演变的梳理和典型县域农村人居环境整治现状的问卷调研，探讨脱贫地区农村人居环境整治框架。结果表明，2004年以来，历年中央一号文件分阶段强调农村基础设施建设、村庄环境整治和农村人居环境整治工作。调查县农业废弃物中农膜和棚膜未回收的村庄占比为29.33%和22.51%，但秸秆和畜禽粪便资源化利用程度较高；公共厕所、污水处理等基础设施的村庄普及率相对较低，农户院落闲置率和倒塌率分别为21.93%和13.28%，倒闭的种养企业厂房废弃率较高，农户卫生厕所普及率仅为57.44%。在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接期，农村人居环境整治工作应着力促进政府“自上而下”决策和社会组织及农户“自下而上”参与的有机结合，加强农户层面的卫生设施配套、移风易俗推进和环保意识提升等。To explore the path of rural living environment improvement in poverty-free areas after poverty alleviation,the framework of rural living environment improvement was discussed based on a summary of the national rural living environment improvement policies and a questionnaire inquiry of rural living environment improvement status in a typical area.Our results showed that rural living environment improvement was emphasized in the No.1 central document from the perspectives of infrastructure construction,rural environment improvement,and rural living environment improvement.In the studied county,the proportion of villages with no recycling mulch and shed pla