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  • Druga strana medalje
    Greblo Jurakić, Zrinka; Keresteš, Gordana

    Psihologijske teme, 2017, Volume: 26, Issue: 2
    Journal Article, Paper

    U sportu se pobjeda i poraz uobičajeno smatraju najrelevantnijim kriterijem procjene kompetentnosti sportskih trenera. Posljedično, negativna se ponašanja trenera nerijetko ignoriraju, što naročito dolazi do izražaja u slučajevima kada su takvi oblici ponašanja povezani sa sportskim uspjehom. S obzirom na to da su postojeći mjerni instrumenti dominantno namijenjeni procjeni pozitivnih aspekata trenerova stila rukovođenja, osnovni je cilj istraživanja bio konstruirati i validirati Upitnik negativnog ponašanja trenera (UNPT). Dodatni je cilj bio ispitati razlikuju li se sportaši timskih i individualnih sportova u percepciji trenerova ponašanja. Upitnik NPT sastoji se od 13 čestica raspoređenih na tri podljestvice: Neosjetljivost za osobnu dobrobit sportaša, Negativna povratna informacija i Usmjerenost na rezultat. U istraživanju u kojem su utvrđene psihometrijske karakteristike upitnika (faktorska struktura, pouzdanost, osjetljivost, konvergentna i divergentna valjanost) sudjelovali su studenti i studentice Kineziološkog fakulteta (n=181). Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je UNPT valjan i pouzdan mjerni instrument koji se može koristiti u različitim istraživanjima u području sporta. Sukladno očekivanjima, veća zastupljenost negativnih i manja zastupljenost pozitivnih ponašanja trenera utvrđena je kod sudionika timskih sportova. Rezultati upućuju na potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjem uzroka, korelata i posljedica različitih oblika ponašanja sportskih trenera. In sport, winning and losing are usually propounded as the most important criteria for the evaluation of coaches' competences. Thus, negative coaching behaviours are too often ignored, particularly if those behaviours are associated with sport success. Since existing measures for the assessment of coaches' leadership style are dominantly focused on positive aspects of coaching behaviours, the main aim of the study was to develop and validate the Negative Coaching Behaviour Questionnaire (NCBQ). An additional aim was to examine possible differences in perceptions of coaches' behaviour between athletes from individual versus team sports. The NCBQ is a 13-item inventory that assesses undesirable coach’s behaviour on three subscales, i.e. Insensitivity to Athletes’ Wellbeing, Negative Feedback, and Results Orientation. Psychometric characteristics of NCBQ (factor structure, reliability, sensitivity, convergent and divergent validity) were tested on a sample of 181 kinesiology students. The results showed that NCBQ is valid and reliable measure useful for the assessment of negative coaching behaviours in various sport-related research. As expected, athletes from team sports reported a higher frequency of negative and a lower frequency of positive coaching behaviours. In future studies, more attention should be given to exploring antecedents, correlates and consequences of different coaching behaviours. En el deporte, la victoria y la derrota se consideran los criterios más relevantes de valoración de las competencias de los entrenadores. En consecuencia, muchas veces se ignoran sus conductas negativas, especialmente si ese tipo de conducta está relacionado con el éxito deportivo. Dado que los instrumentos de mediación existentes en la mayor parte están destinados a la valoración de aspectos positivos que los entrenadores muestran en su liderazgo, el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue construir y validar el Cuestionario de la Conducta Negativa de Entrenadores (CCNE). El objetivo secundario fue examinar si hay alguna diferencia en la percepción de la conducta del entrenador por parte de los deportistas que practican un deporte de equipo y aquellos que practican un deporte individual. El CCNE consta de trece partículas divididas en tres subescalas: Insensibilidad al bienestar personal de los deportistas, Feedback negativo y Enfoque al resultado. En la investigación en la que se determinaron las características psicométricas del cuestionario (estructura factorial, confiabilidad, sensibilidad, validez convergente y divergente) participaron estudiantes de la Facultad de Quinesiología (n=181). Los resultados demuestran que el CCNE es un instrumento de medición válido y confiable que se puede utilizar en diferentes investigaciones en el campo deportivo. Conforme a las expectativas, se ha determinado mayor grado de conducta negativa y menor grado de conducta positiva de entrenadores en deportes de equipo. Los resultados indican la necesidad de futuras investigaciones sobre las causas, correlatos y consecuencias de diferentes tipos de conducta de entrenadores deportivos.