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THOMPSON, John F; SOONG, Seng-Jaw; LEONG, Stanley P; ROSS, Merrick I; BYRD, David R; CASCINELLI, Natale; COCHRAN, Alistair J; EGGERMONT, Alexander M; MCMASTERS, Kelly M; MIHM, Martin C; MORTON, Donald L; SONDAK, Vernon K; BALCH, Charles M; GERSHENWALD, Jeffrey E; SHOULUAN DING; COIT, Daniel G; FLAHERTY, Keith T; GIMOTTY, Phyllis A; JOHNSON, Timothy; JOHNSON, Marcella M
Journal of clinical oncology, 06/2011, Volume: 29, Issue: 16Journal Article
The aim of this study was to assess the independent prognostic value of primary tumor mitotic rate compared with other clinical and pathologic features of stages I and II melanoma. From the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging database, information was extracted for 13,296 patients with stages I and II disease who had mitotic rate data available. Survival times declined as mitotic rate increased. Ten-year survival ranged from 93% for patients whose tumors had 0 mitosis/mm(2) to 48% for those with ≥ 20/mm(2) (P < .001). Mean number of mitoses/mm(2) increased as the primary melanomas became thicker (1.0 for melanomas ≤ 1 mm, 3.5 for 1.01 to 2.0 mm, 7.3 for 3.01 to 4.0 mm, and 9.6 for > 8 mm). Ulceration was also associated with a higher mitotic rate; 59% of ulcerated melanomas had ≥ 5 mitoses/mm(2) compared with 16% of nonulcerated melanomas (P < .001). In a multivariate analysis of 10,233 patients, the independent predictive factors for survival in order of statistical significance were as follows: tumor thickness (χ(2) = 104.9; P < .001), mitotic rate (χ(2) = 67.0; P < .001), patient age (χ(2) = 48.2; P < .001), ulceration (χ(2) = 46.4; P < .001), anatomic site (χ(2) = 34.6; P < .001), and patient sex (χ(2) = 33.9; P < .001). Clark level of invasion was not an independent predictor of survival (χ(2) = 3.2; P = .37). A high mitotic rate in a primary melanoma is associated with a lower survival probability. Among the independent predictors of melanoma-specific survival, mitotic rate was the strongest prognostic factor after tumor thickness.
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