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高昆 张峰
Sheng tai xue bao, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue: 4Journal Article
在野外样方调查的基础上,对山西历山山核桃群落35个样方内所有基径≥1cm的乔木和灌木绘制分布图。按照最近邻体法判定每个个体的最近邻体植株,然后用N×N最近邻体列联表及其2×2列联表截表的方法,应用Pielou的分离指数S和χ2检验研究山核桃群落所有乔木和灌木的种间分离规律。χ2检验结果表明:历山山核桃群落出现的25个物种共构成的300个种对中,存在显著分离的有294对,存在不显著分离的有6对。结合χ2值对S进行区间划分得出:正分离的112对占37.34%,负分离的28对,占9.33%;随机毗邻160对,占53.33%。负分离多出现在群落的优势种和一些伴生种之间,如山核桃、连翘与金花忍冬、灰栒子,伴生种相对个体少,盖度低,与优势种具有相似的生境要求,较激烈的竞争使得它们相互交错分布,充分利用资源,呈现负分离。较大的植株之间容易发生正分离,如茶条槭和杜梨,因为它们多是群落的建群种或优势种,具有较强的适应力和竞争力。从星座图上可清晰地看到种间分离在不同物种间存在一定差异。25×25最近邻体列联表的χ2检验结果表明:山核桃群落内25个物种是互相交错分布,全面不分离的。此外,种间分离的结果意味着该群落处于演替初期,与目前这一地区受人为和自然干扰严重,群落处于不稳定阶段的事实相符。
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