The paper presents the development of cultural and scientific institutions in Montenegro during the socialist period 1945-1990. At the end of World War II, Montenegro had only two state institutions dealing with culture and science. Thanks to the impressive development at the end of the socialist period in Montenegro, there were over 220 cultural institutions, 14 permanent cultural events, several scientific institutions and Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. The University "Veljko Vlahović" was formed, which, in 1990, had 11 faculties, over 500 university teachers and associates and about 8,000 students. In Montenegro, at the end of the socialist period, there were several hundred cultural and scientific workers. Therefore, it can be said that Montenegro experienced a renaissance in culture and science during the socialist period.