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Zelić, Ivana Elizabeta; Gilja, Vanja; Grčić, Ivana; Tomašić, Vesna
Kemija u industriji, 05/2021, Volume: 70, Issue: 5-6Journal Article
Velika ekonomska kriza koja se u posljednjem desetljeću osjeća u cijelom svijetu ponovno je potakla razmišljanja o potrebi “reindustrijalizacije”. Reindustrijalizacija je ekonomski, društveni, ekološki i politički proces upravljanja nacionalnim resursima s ciljem revitalizacije industrije i ostalih gospodarskih aktivnosti, a oslanja se na razvoj i primjenu novih i inovativnih tehnologija. U okviru takvih nastojanja kemijsko inženjerstvo ima odlučujuću ulogu. Prema mišljenju mnogih znanstvenika reindustrijalizacija i razvoj “industrije za budućnost” temeljit će se na tri ključna područja: očuvanju i remedijaciji okoliša, uštedi energije i poticanju razvoja obnovljivih izvora energije te zaštiti ljudskog zdravlja. To nameće i potrebu prilagodbe sustava visokog obrazovanja novim industrijskim i ekonomskim izazovima. U novije vrijeme sve se češće susrećemo s postignućima koja izlaze iz okvira “tradicionalnog” kemijskog inženjerstva, a uglavnom se zasnivaju na primjeni novog pristupa poznatog pod nazivom intenzifikacija procesa. Znanstvenici i inženjeri intenzivno rade na otkriću novih procesnih uređaja i tehnika, što predstavlja velik iskorak u odnosu na dosadašnja saznanja o kemijskim procesnim postrojenjima i omogućava razvoj integriranih, sigurnijih, energetski učinkovitijih i ekološki prihvatljivijih tehnologija. Zahvaljujući snažnom razvoju znanosti i sve većem interesu javnosti za to područje, intenzifikacija procesa postupno se počinje izdvajati kao nova disciplina unutar kemijskog inženjerstva. Zbog opsežnosti problematike u ovom radu ilustrirani su primjeri naprednih izvedbi fotokatalitičkih reaktora razvijenih primjenom metodologije intenzifikacije procesa, uključujući fotokatalitičke reaktore s rotirajućim diskom/bubnjem, mikroreaktore, membranske reaktore (sa suspendiranim i imobiliziranim fotokatalizatorom), keramičke monolite s optičkim vlaknima te uobičajene izvedbe solarnih reaktora. Istraživanja u tom području predstavljaju velik izazov s obzirom na mogućnost primjene takvih sustava za rješavanje globalnih problema u zaštiti okoliša, primarno onih vezanih uz pročišćavanje voda, otpadnih voda, uključujući i uklanjanje postojanih organskih spojeva i patogenih mikroorganizama iz vodenih resursa. The global economic crisis that has been reigning in the last decade has once again encouraged thinking about the need for “reindustrialization”. Reindustrialization is an economic, social, environmental, and political process of managing national resources in order to revitalize industry and other economic activities, relying on the development and application of new and innovative technologies. Chemical engineering thereby has a crucial role. According to many scientists, the reindustrialization and development of the “industry for the future” will be based on three key areas: preservation and remediation of the environment, saving energy and encouraging the development of renewable energy sources, and protecting human health. This also highlights the need to adapt the higher education system to new industrial and economic challenges. Today, we are confronted more and more with achievements that go beyond the framework of “traditional” chemical engineering, which are mainly based on the application of a new approach known as process intensification. Scientists and engineers are intensely working on discovering new process devices and techniques, making a major step forward by enabling the development of integrated, safer, more energy efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies. Due to scientific advancement and growing public interest, process intensification is gradually starting to stand out as a new discipline within chemical engineering. Due to the scope of this issue, this paper illustrates some examples of advanced photocatalytic reactors developed using process intensification methodology, including rotating disk/drum photocatalytic reactors, microreactors, membrane reactors (with suspended and immobilized photocatalyst), optical fibre ceramic monoliths, and some representatives of the solar reactors. Research in this area represents a major challenge considering the possibility of application of such systems in solving global environmental problems, primarily those related to water and wastewater treatment, including the removal of persistent organic compounds and pathogenic microorganisms from water resources.
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