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  • An open label randomized co...
    Ngan, Nguyen Thi Thuy; Thanh Hoang Le, Nhat; Vi Vi, Nguyen Ngo; Van, Ninh Thi Thanh; Mai, Nguyen Thi Hoang; Van Anh, Duong; Trieu, Phan Hai; Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong; Phu, Nguyen Hoan; Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh; Lalloo, David G; Hope, William; Beardsley, Justin; White, Nicholas J; Geskus, Ronald; Thwaites, Guy E; Krysan, Damian; Tai, Luong Thi Hue; Kestelyn, Evelyne; Binh, Tran Quang; Hung, Le Quoc; Tung, Nguyen Le Nhu; Day, Jeremy N

    eLife, 09/2021, Volume: 10
    Journal Article

    Cryptococcal meningitis has high mortality. Flucytosine is a key treatment but is expensive and rarely available. The anticancer agent tamoxifen has synergistic anti-cryptococcal activity with amphotericin in vitro. It is off-patent, cheap, and widely available. We performed a trial to determine its therapeutic potential. Open label randomized controlled trial. Participants received standard care - amphotericin combined with fluconazole for the first 2 weeks - or standard care plus tamoxifen 300 mg/day. The primary end point was Early Fungicidal Activity (EFA) - the rate of yeast clearance from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03112031. Fifty patients were enrolled (median age 34 years, 35 male). Tamoxifen had no effect on EFA (-0.48log10 colony-forming units/mL/CSF control arm versus -0.49 tamoxifen arm, difference -0.005log10CFU/ml/day, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.15, p=0.95). Tamoxifen caused QTc prolongation. High-dose tamoxifen does not increase the clearance rate of from CSF. Novel, affordable therapies are needed. The trial was funded through the Wellcome Trust Asia Programme Vietnam Core Grant 106680 and a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship to JND grant number WT097147MA.