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Marín-Soto, María Delfina; Miliar-García, Angel; Gómez-López, Modesto; González-Mundo, Ilicia; Aguilera-Sosa, Víctor Ricardo
Investigación clínica, 06/2021, Volume: 62, Issue: 2Journal Article
El "food craving" (FC) es un deseo incontrolable por ingerir alimentos en específico, se activa durante la fase de abstinencia de alimentos azucarados, salados y grasos. Se ha encontrado que se relaciona con obesidad (OB) y con trastornos del comportamiento de la alimentación, además de ser un factor negativo para la adherencia al tratamiento de la OB. Los Food Cravings Questionnaires Trait (T-rasgo) y State (S-estado) son instrumentos validados, que miden rasgo-estado, son confiables, y con consistencia interna alta (alfa>0,90). El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar diferencias entre sujetos normopeso (NP) y OB, en puntajes del FCQ Trait y State, y en la expresión génica de DRD2, TAS1R2, TAS1R3 y el TAS2R43. Se trató de un estudio correlacional, transversal de casos y controles, muestreo no probabilístico, y a conveniencia; con 20 sujetos NP y 20 sujetos OB, de ambos sexos entre 18-45 años, residentes de la Ciudad de México y del Estado de México. Se evaluaron el IMC, el FC y la expresión génica. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p <0,05) en expresión relativa del TAS1R2, y correlación positiva entre el FCQ y expresión del TAS1R2 en OB; también se encontró que el FCQ-T y FCQ-S predicen la expresión génica de TAS1R2 y TAS2R43 en hombres, y en mujeres del TAS1R2, TAS2R43 y el DRD2. Esta investigación ayuda a comprender la asociación del FC, con el receptor del gusto dulce (TAS1R2), evidenciando el enlace con componentes moleculares, y su posible relación con adicción a alimentos azucarados. Palabras clave: "food craving"; FCQ-Trate y FCQ- State; expresión de genes; obesidad. Food craving (FC) is an uncontrollable desire to eat specific foods, and it is activated during the withdrawal phase of eating foods, commonly sugary, salty or fatty. Comorbidity has been found with obesity (OB) and eating behavior disorders, as well as being a negative factor for adherence to OB treatments. Trait and State Food-Cravings Questionnaires, are validated instruments, that measure trait and state; both are reliable, with high internal consistency (alpha> 0.90). The objective, was to analyze differences in normal weight and obese subjects, in scores of the FCQ Trait and State, and their correlation with gene expression DRD2, TAS1R2, TAS1R3 and TAS2R43. It was a correlational, cross-sectional study of cases and controls, non-probabilistic sampling, and at convenience; n= 40 adults, both sexes between 18-45 years, 20 normal weight and 20 obese, from Mexico City and the State of Mexico. BMI, gene expression and FC were evaluated. Significant differences were found (p <0.05) in relative expression of TAS1R2, and positive correlation between FCQ and TAS1R2 expression in obese; in turn we found that FCQ-T and FCQ-S predict gene expression of TAS1R2 and TAS2R43 in men, and in women of TAS1R2, TAS2R43 and DRD2. This research offers new perspectives to understand the association between FC with the sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2), evidencing the link with molecular components, which together influence the explanation of the development of addiction to sugary foods in OB. Key words: food craving; FCQ-Trate & FCQ-State; gene expression; obesity.
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