E-learning systems have witnessed a usage and research increase in the past decade. This article presents the e-learning concepts ecosystem. It summarizes the various scopes on e-learning studies. Here we propose an e-learning theoretical framework. This theory framework is based upon three principal dimensions: users, technology, and services related to e-learning. This article presents an in-depth literature review on those dimensions. The article first presents the related concepts of computer use in learning across time, revealing the emergence of new trends on e-learning. The theoretical framework is a contribution for guiding e-learning studies. The article classifies the stakeholder groups and their relationship with e-learning systems. The framework shows a typology of e-learning systems' services. This theoretical approach integrates learning strategies, technologies and stakeholders.