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Kršćanski, Sanjin
10/2013Web Resource
U ovom su radu, u sažetu obliku, prikazani uvjeti nastanka pukotina i identificirani neki od faktora koji utječu na njihov nastanak i rast. Dan je kratki pregled osnova mehanike loma i određenih parametara (ponekad nazvanih parametrima loma ili parametrima žilavosti). Prikazan je kratki pregled osnovnih modela izračuna brzine propagacije pukotine i izračuna nekih od kritičnih parametara. Kratko je izložena metoda konačnih elemenata i njezina primjena u izračunu faktora intenziteta naprezanja. Pojašnjena je metoda virtualnog zatvaranja pukotine kao glavna metoda koja je korištena za izračun faktora intenziteta naprezanja u izrađenom računalnom programu. Izrađen je program koji računa faktor intenziteta naprezanja K pomoću metode virtualnog zatvaranja pukotine, a na osnovu čvornih sila i pomaka dobivenih analizom MKE modela, a kasnije te rezultate koristi za izračun propagacije pukotine. Za izračun brzine propagacije pukotine korišten je Formanov model. Vrijednosti faktora intenziteta naprezanja dobivene izrađenim programom uspoređene su s teorijskim rješenjima, te je analiziran utjecaj tipa i veličine konačnih elemenata na dobivene rezultate. Dobiveni rezultati faktora intenziteta naprezanja pokazali su dobru podudarnost s teorijskim rješenjima. Numeričkom simulacijom propagacije pukotine dobiveni su rezultati predviđene trajnosti elementa, odnosno broja ciklusa potrebnih da pukotina naraste do kritične duljine i izazove puknuće, te su isti uspoređeni s eksperimentalnim rezultatima. Izračunata trajnost pokazala je relativno dobru podudarnost s dostupnim eksperimentalnim rezultatima. This work, in summary form, presents some of the conditions and influential factors that affect cracks initiation and their propagation. A brief overview of the basis of fracture mechanics and certain parameters (sometimes called fracture parameters) is given. Also, some basic models for calculation of crack growth rate are presented, alongside with expressions for the calculation of some of the critical parameters. Finite element method and its application in the calculation of stress intensity factor are briefly explained. Virtual crack closure method is explained, as the main method used to calculate the stress intensity factor in the developed computer program. Computer program that calculates the stress intensity factor K on the basis of nodal forces and displacements obtained by FEM analysis model is developed. The program uses calculated stress intensity factors to calculate crack growth rate. For the calculation of crack growth rate Forman model is used. Stress intensity factor range used in Forman model is derived from the results of the FEM model. Stress intensity factor values calculated by the program were compared with theoretical solutions, and influence of the type and size of the finite element is analyzed. Calculated stress intensity factors showed good agreement with theoretical solutions. Results for crack growth and number of cycles to failure were calculated by numerical simulation of crack propagation and obtained results were compared to experimental results. Calculated fatigue life showed relatively good correlation to experimental data.
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