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Secchiaroli, Marco; Giuli, Gabriele; Fuchs, Bettina; Marassi, Roberto; Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, Margret; Dsoke, Sonia
05/2015, Volume: 3, Issue: 22Journal Article
Nanostructured Li 3 V 2− x Ni x (PO 4 ) 3 ( x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1) cathode materials, with a mean particle dimension ranging from 200 to 63 nm, are successfully synthesized with poly(acrylic acid) and d -(+)-glucose as carbon sources. All three samples show a monoclinic crystalline structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis. Ni-doping improves the specific capacity of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C. Between 3.0 and 4.3 V vs. Li + /Li, all cathodes exhibit good rate capability, even at high C-rates. For these reasons, they are good candidates for high power and energy applications, in particular for the development of high energy density supercapacitors. Li 3 V 1.95 Ni 0.05 (PO 4 ) 3 /C, because of its highest specific discharge capacity (93 mA h g −1 at 100 C) and capacity retention of 97% after 1000 cycles, is selected for building an asymmetric supercapacitor with activated carbon as the anode. At a power density of 2.8 kW L −1 , the asymmetric system delivers 18.7 W h L −1 , a value five orders of magnitude higher than that of the symmetric capacitor at the same power level. Nanostructured Li 3 V 2− x Ni x (PO 4 ) 3 ( x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1) cathodes, thanks to their high rate capability and excellent cycle stability, are proposed as excellent candidates for the development of high energy and high power density Li-ion asymmetric supercapacitors.
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