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PHENIX Collaboration; Ajitanand, N. N; Alexander, J; Baumann, C; Beckman, S; Belmont, R; Bichon, L; Campbell, S; Cervantes, R; Chiu, M; Choi, I. J; Choi, J. B; Csanád, M; David, G; DeBlasio, K; Ding, L; Do, J. H; Engelmore, T; Enokizono, A; Fadem, B; Fan, W; Finger,Jr, M; Fokin, S. L; Frantz, J. E; Fukao, Y; Fukuda, Y; Garg, P; Giordano, F; Glenn, A; Gonin, M; de Cassagnac, R. Granier; Haggerty, J. S; Hamilton, H. F; Hasegawa, S; Haseler, T. O. S; Hashimoto, K; Hayano, R; Hemmick, T. K; Homma, K; Imai, K; Inaba, M; Isinhue, A; Jiang, X; Jouan, D; Kamin, J; Kapustinsky, J; Kim, D. J; Kim, G. W; Kim, T; Kincses, D; Kofarago, M; Loomis, D. A; Lovasz, K; Manion, A; Mannel, E; Mibe, T; Mondal, M. M; Moon, T; Niida, T; Nishimura, S; Nouicer, R; O'Brien, E; Oh, J; Park, J. S; Park, S; Park, S. K; Peressounko, D. Yu; Phipps, M; Pinson, R; Pun, A; Qu, H; Riveli, N; Sarsour, M; Seto, R; Sett, P; Shibata, M; Shimomura, M; Shioya, T; Shi, Z; Sickles, A; Silva, C. L; Skolnik, M; Solano, S; Sorensen, S. P; Stenlund, E; Ster, A; Sun, Z; Taketani, A; Tanida, K; Tannenbaum, M. J; Towell, R. S; Tserruya, I; van Hecke, H. W; Wang, X. R; Watanabe, D; Watanabe, Y. S; White, A. S; Yanovich, A; Yoon, I; Younus, I
arXiv (Cornell University), 12/2023Journal Article
Phys. Rev. C 109, 054910 (2024) The PHENIX experiment has performed a systematic study of identified charged-hadron ($\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, $p$, $\bar{p}$) production at midrapidity in $p$$+$Al, $^3$He$+$Au, Cu$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV and U$+$U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=193$ GeV. Identified charged-hadron invariant transverse-momentum ($p_T$) and transverse-mass ($m_T$) spectra are presented and interpreted in terms of radially expanding thermalized systems. The particle ratios of $K/\pi$ and $p/\pi$ have been measured in different centrality ranges of large (Cu$+$Au, U$+$U) and small ($p$$+$Al, $^3$He$+$Au) collision systems. The values of $K/\pi$ ratios measured in all considered collision systems were found to be consistent with those measured in $p$$+$$p$ collisions. However the values of $p/\pi$ ratios measured in large collision systems reach the values of $\approx0.6$, which is $\approx2$ times larger than in $p$$+$$p$ collisions. These results can be qualitatively understood in terms of the baryon enhancement expected from hadronization by recombination. Identified charged-hadron nuclear-modification factors ($R_{AB}$) are also presented. Enhancement of proton $R_{AB}$ values over meson $R_{AB}$ values was observed in central $^3$He$+$Au, Cu$+$Au, and U$+$U collisions. The proton $R_{AB}$ values measured in $p$$+$Al collision system were found to be consistent with $R_{AB}$ values of $\phi$, $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, and $\pi^0$ mesons, which may indicate that the size of the system produced in $p$$+$Al collisions is too small for recombination to cause a noticeable increase in proton production.
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