By incorporating the dual ceramic elements TiB2/B4C, we investigated their impact on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and friction performance of copper-based powder metallurgy materials, and elucidated the friction wear mechanism. Additionally, machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the friction coefficient and stability coefficient. The conclusions are as follows:With the increase in the TiB2/B4C ratio, the trend of mechanical properties initially increases and then decreases, with the optimum ratio being 5:3 for TiB2 and B4C, exhibiting superior mechanical properties. Moreover, B4C enhances the thermal conductivity of copper-based friction materials more effectively than TiB2. In terms of overall friction performance, the ratio of TiB2 to B4C at 5:3 yields better frictional properties. The primary components of the friction surface friction film are CuO, Cu2O, Fe2O3, and B2O3, transitioning from a ceramic film to a metallic film as the TiB2/B4C ratio increases. The friction wear mechanism shifts from abrasive wear to severe fatigue wear as the TiB2/B4C ratio increases, accompanied by oxidative wear. Furthermore, an AdaBoost algorithm model was developed to effectively predict the friction coefficient and stability coefficient, with accuracies of 0.9993 and 0.8739, respectively.