Exploring the relationship between rhythm and speech is necessary for understanding and creating speech therapies for people with neurogenic communication, language and speech disorders, especially people with nonfluent aphasia. The aim of the present study, involving 10 subjects with aphasia and 10 average speakers, was to examine whether there are difficulties in musical rhythm perception and production in people with aphasia, to find out whether there are differences between musical rhythm perception and production within the same group of subjects and to determine whether there is a correlation between achievement on tasks of auditory comprehension and rhythm perception and production. The Protocol for Assessment of Rhythm Perception and Production in People with Aphasia, which consists of musical rhythm perception and production tasks, was created for the purpose of this study. A statistically significant difference was found between the achievement of people with aphasia and the control group on the applied tasks of rhythm perception and production. A correlation was not found between rhythm perception and production and achievement on tasks of auditory comprehension, among either people with aphasia or the control group. Analysis of the subjects’ answers revealed the features of the rhythmic patterns that make it easy or difficult to perceive and reproduce a rhythm.