We report an in-situ measurement of the nuclear recoil (NR) scintillation decay time constant in liquid xenon (LXe) using the XMASS-I detector at the Kamioka underground laboratory in Japan. XMASS-I is a large single-phase LXe scintillation detector whose purpose is the direct detection of dark matter via NR which can be induced by collisions between Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and a xenon nucleus. The inner detector volume contains 832 kg of LXe. 252Cf was used as an external neutron source for irradiating the detector. The scintillation decay time constant of the resulting neutron induced NR was evaluated by comparing the observed photon detection times with Monte Carlo simulations. Fits to the decay time prefer two decay time components, one for each of the Xe2* singlet and triplet states, with τS=4.3±0.6 ns taken from prior research, τT was measured to be 26.9+0.7−1.1 ns with a singlet state fraction FS of 0.252+0.027−0.019. We also evaluated the performance of pulse shape discrimination between NR and electron recoil (ER) with the aim of reducing the electromagnetic background in WIMP searches. For a 50% NR acceptance, the ER acceptance was 13.7±1.0% and 4.1±0.7% in the energy ranges of 5–10 keVee and 10–15 keVee, respectively.