The occurrence and profiles of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 15 methylated derivatives (Me-PAHs) were examined in settled dust samples collected from workplaces and living areas of an informal end-of-life vehicle (ELV) processing village, and house dusts from urban and rural areas in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total PAHs and Me-PAHs decreased in the order: ELV workplace (median 5700, range 900–18,000 ng g−1) > rural house (3700, 1800–6200 ng g−1) > urban house (1800, 620–3100 ng g−1) ≈ ELV living dusts (1000, 600–3900 ng g−1). PAHs with 4 rings or more dominated in almost all the samples, indicating the abundance of pyrogenic sources (e.g., vehicular emissions and domestic thermal processes). Levels of Me-PAHs were exceeded those of PAHs in several ELV samples, revealing specific petrogenic sources derived from vehicle processing activities. Results from source apportionment analysis have partially identified traffic emission, biomass and coal combustion, and mixed petrogenic-pyrogenic sources related to ELV waste as the major sources of PAHs and Me-PAHs in the urban, rural, and ELV areas, respectively. Daily intake doses and health risk related to PAHs and Me-PAHs in settled dusts were estimated for ELV workers and residents living in the study areas. The worst exposure scenario of dust-bound PAHs showed a potential cancer risk for the ELV workers, meanwhile, no significant non-cancer and cancer risk was expected for other exposed groups. A more comprehensive and accurate risk assessment of PAHs and related compounds should be conducted in Vietnam. Display omitted •PAHs/Me-PAHs were examined in Vietnamese workplace/house dusts for the first time.•Total PAHs decreased in the order: ELV working > rural > urban ≈ ELV living dusts.•Pyrogenic compounds dominated PAH patterns in almost all the samples.•The ELV dusts were contaminated by petrogenic PAHs from vehicle processing.•The worst exposure scenario showed a potential cancer risk for ELV workers.