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Xue, Y Q; Zheng, X C; Li, Y; Brandt, W N; Zhang, B; Luo, B; Zhang, B-B; Bauer, F E; Sun, H; Lehmer, B D; Wu, X-F; Yang, G; Kong, X; Li, J Y; Sun, M Y; Wang, J-X; Vito, F
Nature (London) 568, Issue: 7751Journal Article
Mergers of neutron stars are known to be associated with short γ-ray bursts . If the neutron-star equation of state is sufficiently stiff (that is, the pressure increases sharply as the density increases), at least some such mergers will leave behind a supramassive or even a stable neutron star that spins rapidly with a strong magnetic field (that is, a magnetar). Such a magnetar signature may have been observed in the form of the X-ray plateau that follows up to half of observed short γ-ray bursts . However, it has been expected that some X-ray transients powered by binary neutron-star mergers may not be associated with a short γ-ray burst . A fast X-ray transient (CDF-S XT1) was recently found to be associated with a faint host galaxy, the redshift of which is unknown . Its X-ray and host-galaxy properties allow several possible explanations including a short γ-ray burst seen off-axis, a low-luminosity γ-ray burst at high redshift, or a tidal disruption event involving an intermediate-mass black hole and a white dwarf . Here we report a second X-ray transient, CDF-S XT2, that is associated with a galaxy at redshift z = 0.738 (ref. ). The measured light curve is fully consistent with the X-ray transient being powered by a millisecond magnetar. More intriguingly, CDF-S XT2 lies in the outskirts of its star-forming host galaxy with a moderate offset from the galaxy centre, as short γ-ray bursts often do . The estimated event-rate density of similar X-ray transients, when corrected to the local value, is consistent with the event-rate density of binary neutron-star mergers that is robustly inferred from the detection of the gravitational-wave event GW170817.
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