Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, with unknown etiology. Vitamins, as important micronutrients playing different roles in body, seem to be important in MS pathogenesis. In vitro, in vivo and human studies, supports the protective role of some vitamins in MS occurrence or progression. Current study reviews recent insights and reports about the importance of vitamins in MS incidence or progression. In accordance, the importance of all water and fat-soluble vitamins in MS pathogenesis based on observational studies in human population and their role in the function of immune system as well as possible therapeutic opportunities are discussed in depth throughout this review. •Vitamin D has important roles in MS and can be measured as precursor, or used as treatment.•B6, B9, and B12 deficiency can elevate serum level of homocystenie, which may lead to an inflammatory in the CNS.•Vitamins A, E, and B1 deficiencies are believed to play important roles in MS pathophysiology according to animal models.•Using high doses of vitamin C can worsen MS conditions because of promoting Fenton reaction.•Vitamins D, B9, B12, A, B1, and B3 may improve relapses, degeneration rate, inflammation, and clinical symptoms.