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Xu, H.; Niu, J. R.; Chen, P.; Lee, K. J.; Zhu, W. W.; Dong, S.; Zhang, B.; Jiang, J. C.; Wang, B. J.; Xu, J. W.; Zhang, C. F.; Fu, H.; Filippenko, A. V.; Peng, E. W.; Zhou, D. J.; Zhang, Y. K.; Wang, P.; Feng, Y.; Li, Y.; Brink, T. G.; Li, D. Z.; Lu, W.; Yang, Y. P.; Caballero, R. N.; Cai, C.; Chen, M. Z.; Dai, Z. G.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Esamdin, A.; Gan, H. Q.; Guhathakurta, P.; Han, J. L.; Hao, L. F.; Huang, Y. X.; Jiang, P.; Li, C. K.; Li, D.; Li, H.; Li, X. Q.; Li, Z. X.; Liu, Z. Y.; Luo, R.; Men, Y. P.; Niu, C. H.; Peng, W. X.; Qian, L.; Song, L. M.; Stern, D.; Stockton, A.; Sun, J. H.; Wang, F. Y.; Wang, M.; Wang, N.; Wang, W. Y.; Wu, X. F.; Xiao, S.; Xiong, S. L.; Xu, Y. H.; Xu, R. X.; Yang, J.; Yang, X.; Yao, R.; Yi, Q. B.; Yue, Y. L.; Yu, D. J.; Yu, W. F.; Yuan, J. P.; Zhang, B. B.; Zhang, S. B.; Zhang, S. N.; Zhao, Y.; Zheng, W. K.; Zhu, Y.; Zou, J. H.
Nature (London), 09/2022, Volume: 609, Issue: 7928Journal Article
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly dispersed, millisecond-duration radio bursts1-3. Recent observations of a Galactic FRB4-8 suggest that at least some FRBs originate from magnetars, but the origin of cosmological FRBs is still not settled. Here we report the detection of1,863 bursts in 82 h over 54 days from the repeating source FRB 20201124A (ref.9). These observations show irregular short-time variation ofthe Faraday rotation measure (RM), which scrutinizes the density-weighted line-of-sight magnetic field strength, of individual bursts during the first 36 days, followed by a constant RM. We detected circular polarization in more than half of the burst sample, including one burst reaching a high fractional circular polarization of 75%. Oscillations in fractional linear and circular polarizations, as well as polarization angle as a function of wavelength, were detected. All of these features provide evidence for a complicated, dynamically evolving, magnetized immediate environment within about an astronomical unit (au; Earth-Sun distance) ofthe source. Our optical observations of its Milky-Way-sized, metal-rich host galaxy10-12 show a barred spiral, with the FRB source residing in a low-stellar-density interarm region at an intermediate galactocentric distance. This environment is inconsistent with a young magnetar engine formed during an extreme explosion of a massive star that resulted in a long gamma-ray burst or superluminous supernova.
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