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Mu, Jiuke; Jung de Andrade, Mônica; Fang, Shaoli; Wang, Xuemin; Gao, Enlai; Li, Na; Kim, Shi Hyeong; Wang, Hongzhi; Hou, Chengyi; Zhang, Qinghong; Zhu, Meifang; Qian, Dong; Lu, Hongbing; Kongahage, Dharshika; Talebian, Sepehr; Foroughi, Javad; Spinks, Geoffrey; Kim, Hyun; Ware, Taylor H; Sim, Hyeon Jun; Lee, Dong Yeop; Jang, Yongwoo; Kim, Seon Jeong; Baughman, Ray H
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 07/2019, Volume: 365, Issue: 6449Journal Article
Although guest-filled carbon nanotube yarns provide record performance as torsional and tensile artificial muscles, they are expensive, and only part of the muscle effectively contributes to actuation. We describe a muscle type that provides higher performance, in which the guest that drives actuation is a sheath on a twisted or coiled core that can be an inexpensive yarn. This change from guest-filled to sheath-run artificial muscles increases the maximum work capacity by factors of 1.70 to 2.15 for tensile muscles driven electrothermally or by vapor absorption. A sheath-run electrochemical muscle generates 1.98 watts per gram of average contractile power-40 times that for human muscle and 9.0 times that of the highest power alternative electrochemical muscle. Theory predicts the observed performance advantages of sheath-run muscles.
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