Protein activity is the ultimate arbiter of function in most cellular pathways, and protein concentration is fundamentally connected to protein action. While the proteome of yeast has been subjected to the most comprehensive analysis of any eukaryote, existing datasets are difficult to compare, and there is no consensus abundance value for each protein. We evaluated 21 quantitative analyses of the S. cerevisiae proteome, normalizing and converting all measurements of protein abundance into the intuitive measurement of absolute molecules per cell. We estimate the cellular abundance of 92% of the proteins in the yeast proteome and assess the variation in each abundance measurement. Using our protein abundance dataset, we find that a global response to diverse environmental stresses is not detected at the level of protein abundance, we find that protein tags have only a modest effect on protein abundance, and we identify proteins that are differentially regulated at the mRNA abundance, mRNA translation, and protein abundance levels. Display omitted •Meta-analysis defines the protein abundance distribution of the yeast proteome•Low- and high-abundance proteins are enriched for biological functions•Stress-dependent abundance changes reveal functional connections•Protein fusion tags have a limited effect on native protein abundance By normalizing and converting 21 protein abundance datasets to the intuitive unit of molecules per cell, we provide precise and accurate abundance estimates for 92% of the yeast proteome. Our protein abundance dataset proves useful for exploring the cellular response to environmental stress, the balance between transcription and translation in regulating protein abundance, and the systematic evaluation of the effect of protein tags on protein abundance.