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Barr, Paul M.; Saylors, Gene B.; Spurgeon, Stephen E.; Cheson, Bruce D.; Greenwald, Daniel R.; O'Brien, Susan M.; Liem, Andre K.D.; Mclntyre, Rosemary E.; Joshi, Adarsh; Abella-Dominicis, Esteban; Hawkins, Michael J.; Reddy, Anita; Di Paolo, Julie; Lee, Hank; He, Joyce; Hu, Jing; Dreiling, Lyndah K.; Friedberg, Jonathan W.
Blood, 05/2016, Volume: 127, Issue: 20Journal Article
Although agents targeting B-cell receptor signaling have provided practice-changing results in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), they require prolonged administration and provide incomplete responses. Given synergistic preclinical activity with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ and spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition, this phase 2 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combination of idelalisib and entospletinib. Eligible patients with relapsed or refractory CLL or NHL underwent intrapatient dose escalation with each agent. With a median treatment exposure of 10 weeks, 60% and 36% of patients with CLL or follicular lymphoma, respectively, achieved objective responses. However, the study was terminated early because of treatment-emergent pneumonitis in 18% of patients (severe in 11 of 12 cases). Although most patients recovered with supportive measures and systemic steroids, 2 fatalities occurred and were attributed to treatment-emergent pneumonitis. Increases of interferon-γ and interleukins 6, 7, and 8 occurred over time in patients who developed pneumonitis. Future studies of novel combinations should employ conservative designs that incorporate pharmacodynamics/biomarker monitoring. These investigations should also prospectively evaluate plasma cytokine/chemokine levels in an attempt to validate biomarkers predictive of response and toxicity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01796470. •Concomitant PI3Kδ and SYK inhibition resulted in treatment-emergent pneumonitis, necessitating early study termination.•Initial trials of novel combinations should use conservative designs that are focused on safety.
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