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Cuno SPM Uiterwaal; Verschuren, WM Monique; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Ocké, Marga
The American journal of clinical nutrition, 03/2007, Volume: 85, Issue: 3Journal Article
The long-term longitudinal evidence for a relation between coffee intake and hypertension is relatively scarce. The objective was to assess whether coffee intake is associated with the incidence of hypertension. This study was conducted on a cohort of 2985 men and 3383 women who had a baseline visit and follow-up visits after 6 and 11 y. Baseline coffee intake was ascertained with questionnaires and categorized into 0, >0-3, >3-6, and >6 cups/d. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg over both follow-up measurements, a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg over both follow-up measurements, or the use of antihypertensive medication at any follow-up measurement. Coffee abstainers at baseline had a lower risk of hypertension than did those with a coffee intake of >0-3 cups/d odds ratio (OR): 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.92. Women who drank >6 cups/d had a lower risk than did women who drank >0-3 cups/d (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.98). Subjects aged ≥39 y at baseline had 0.35 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.59, - 0.11 mm Hg) lower SBP per cup intake/d and 0.11 mm Hg lower DBP (95% CI: -0.26, 0.03 mm Hg) than did those aged <39 y at baseline, although the difference in DBP was not statistically significant. Coffee abstinence is associated with a lower hypertension risk than is low coffee consumption. An inverse U-shaped relation between coffee intake and risk of hypertension was observed in the women.
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