Traumatic brain injury （TBI）, which is an important reason of human mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries, still cannot be treated effectively. Since the self-repair capacity of brain is limited, cellular transplantation in TBI may be a therapeutic option.Human amniotic cells （HACs） from fertilized ovum are able to differentiate into all the tissues of the body. They can not only express the markers of neuronal and glial cells^1 but also synthesize and release the neurotrophic factors.^2 Moreover, transplanted HACs rarely induce immunologic rejection.^3,4 In this study, we investigated whether HAC cultures conditioned by traumatic brain tissue extracts can acquire the phenotype of neuron, and examined the effects of transplanted HACs on the affected hindlimb of rats with TBI.