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Mario Arias Zabala; Mónica Juliana Angarita Velásquez; Ana Maria Aguirre Cardona; Juan Manuel Restrepo Flórez; Carolina Montoya Vallejo
Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellín, 06/2009, Volume: 62, Issue: 1Journal Article
El cultivo de células vegetales ha surgido como una alternativa para la obtención de metabolitos de alto valor agregado, producidos en las plantas en bajas concentraciones y para los cuales, no existen procesos de síntesis química conocidos; sin embargo, para la implementación de esta tecnología es necesario el desarrollo de estrategias que permitan incrementar la productividad de los cultivos in vitro. En este trabajo se discuten diferentes alternativas planteadas para lograr este objetivo: en la primera parte se presentan las formas para obtener líneas celulares sobreproductoras, abordando las estrategias clásicas de selección y la ingeniería genética; posteriormente se discuten los efectos que sobre el crecimiento y la producción de metabolitos secundarios pueden tener la composición química del medio de cultivo y las condiciones físicas en las que se conduce el proceso; finalmente, se presenta la elicitación como alternativa para inducir la síntesis de metabolitos secundarios en cultivos de células vegetales.The strategy of plant cell culture has become an alternative for the production of high value metabolites that are normally produced in low levels in plants and for which there is not chemical synthesis processes known. However, for the implementation of this technology it is necessary to develop strategies that let us improve the productivity of the in vitro cultures. In this work, different alternatives in order to fulfill that objective are presented: in the first part, the strategies to obtain overproducer cell lines are discussed, showing the clasic strategies for cell line selection and genetic engineering as alternatives; after that, the efect over the growth and secondary metabolite productition of the chemical medium composition and physical conditions of the process are reviewed; finally, the elicitation is presented as an alternative to induce the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures.
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