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Mikac, Nevenka; Roje, Vibor; Cukrov, Neven; Foucher, Delphine
09/2006Publication
Živa je jedan od najtoksičnijih i najopasnijih zagađivala okoliša. Specifične kemijske karakteristike žive uzrok su njezina vrlo kompleksnog biogeokemijskog ciklusa u okolišu, a pojedine specije tog elementa posjeduju vrlo visoku toksičnost. Anorganska živa se u vodenim sustavima metilira mikrobiološkim procesima, a nastala metil-živa akumulira se u vodenim organizmima. Prije nekoliko godina utvrđeno je da je došlo do globalnog zagađenja živom zbog dugotrajnog antropogenog unosa žive u okoliš te je UNEP (engl. United Nations Environment Programme) pokrenuo internacionalni program s ciljem da se utvrde načini i količine unosa žive u okoliš djelovanjem čovjeka te predlože mjere da se taj unos smanji. U ovom radu prikazani su novi podaci o sadržaju žive u akvatičkim sedimentima i tlima u Hrvatskoj. Analizirani su sedimenti iz petnaestak rijeka, jezera i ušća te iz obalnih područja Jadrana, kao i tla iz osam različitih regija s područja cijele Hrvatske. Detaljnije je prikazana raspodjela kemijskih oblika žive u sedimentima rijeke Save, ušća rijeke Krke i Kaštelanskog zaljeva. Rezultati su pokazali da sedimenti i tla uglavnom nisu zagađeni živom, s izuzetkom nekoliko riječnih sustava koji su izloženi antropogenom utjecaju te posebice Kaštelanskog zaljeva koji je zagađen živom podrijetlom iz tvornice klor-alkalija. Prikazani podatci upotpunjeni su dostupnim literaturnim podatcima o razinama žive u okolišu u Hrvatskoj, posebice o masenim udjelima živinih spojeva u riječnim i morskim ribama, kao i procjenama unosa žive putem konzumacije riba u hrvatsku populaciju. Mercury is one of the most toxic and hazardous pollutant which occurs in the environment in different chemical forms, of which methylmercury is the most dangerous. Recently it was recognised that long-term anthropogenic inputs of mercury into environment resulted in the global mercury pollution and it was concluded that action should be taken to quantify the pollution sources and reduce human-generated releases of mercury. This paper presents new data on mercury levels in aquatic sediments from about 15 Croatian rivers, lakes and estuaries. It also brings data on mercury concentrations in soils from eight different regions of Croatia. Distribution of mercury species is discussed in more details for the Sava River, the Krka estuary and the Kaštela Bay on the eastern Adriatic coast. Results show that sediments and soils from Croatia are generally not contaminated by mercury, except for some rivers and coastal locations under direct anthropogenic influence.
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