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13.
Poraba antibiotikov in odpornost bakterij v splošni populaciji = Use of antibiotics in the community and resistance
Čižman, Milan ; Oražem, Andreja ; Križan-Hergouth, Veronika
The frequency of resistance among community-acquired pathogens and the number of drugs to which they are resistant are increasing worldwide. Resistance to certain antimicrobials is clearly linked to ...their consumption in outpatient settings. Antimicrobial consumption and the resistance of most common community-acquired pathogens in Slovenia are within European ranges. In the period between 1995 and 1998, the total number of prescriptions for systemic antibiotics increased in Slovenia by 4% and DDD/1000 inhabitants/day increasedby 18.5% (from 16.4 to 19.4). The number of prescripcions increased for clindamycin (130%), quinolones (73%), macrolides (37%) and combinations ofaminopenicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors (19%). A decreased number of prescriptions was observed for tetracyclines (30%), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (22.7%) and penicillin V (11.4%). The resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin nonsensitive 14-20%), Haemophilus infIuenzae (beta-lactamase positive 13%), Neisseria meningiadis (less sensitive to penicillin 7.1%) is stable. A small increase in the resistance of Streptococcus pyogenes (6.8%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (up to 6.6%) to macrolides was found. In the future, the total consumption of antibiotics for systemic use in outpatient facilities should be decreased, as well as the consumption of broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. The consumption of antibiotics and surveillance pathogen resistance should continue to be performed throughout Slovenia.
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