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  • The human hypothalamus in relation to gender and sexual orientation
    Swaab, Dick Frans ; Gooren, Louis J. G. ; Hofman, Michel A.
    History Concepts of sex differences in the human soul or brain as reported in the ancient literature, generally reflect the position of women in society, rather than being scientific facts (for ... references for this paragraph, see Swaab and Hofman, 1984). Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.) and Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) inferred the moment at which the female fetus becomes “animated” to be at a much later stage than the male fetus. The rationalization for this might be deduced from Sexual differentiation of the human hypothalamus In analogy with observations in many mammalian species one is inclined to believe that the human brain undergoes sexual differentiation during its development, due to an organizing effect of sex hormones. However, the stage of development in which sex steroids determine sexual differentiation of the human brain and the exact functional implications of such hormonal actions in relation to gender and sexual orientation are unknown. There are three sex-dimorphic peaks in gonadal hormone levels The human hypothalamus, sexual orientation and gender identity We had the opportunity to study the structure of the anterior hypothalamus in relation to sexual orientation, and investigated 34 subjects. Eighteen male subjects from 22 to 74 years of age, the sexual orientation of whom was generally not known, served as a reference group. The homosexual male group consisted of 10 non-demented AIDS subjects, aged 25–43. Six non-demented heterosexuals (4 males, 2 females, aged 21–73 years) who had also died of AIDS served as a control group. Two areas of the Conclusions and summary In analogy with observations in many mammalian species the human hypothalamus is believed to undergo sexual differentiation during development due to an organizing effect of sex hormones. We have found a sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) in the preoptic area of the human hypothalamus that contains about twice as many cells in young adult men as in women. The magnitude of the sex difference in the SDN depends on age.
    Vir: Progress in brain research. - ISSN 0079-6123 (Vol. 93, iss. [chapter 14], 1992, str. 205-219)
    Vrsta gradiva - članek, sestavni del ; neleposlovje za odrasle
    Leto - 1992
    Jezik - angleški
    COBISS.SI-ID - 157274627

    Povezava(-e):

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0079612308645732?via%3Dihub
    DOI

vir: Progress in brain research. - ISSN 0079-6123 (Vol. 93, iss. [chapter 14], 1992, str. 205-219)
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