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  • Overview of fungal isolates on heritage collections of photographic materials and their biological potency
    Kosel, Janez ; Ropret, Polonca, kemik
    This paper investigates the origin of increased strength and water resistance of air lime mortar prepared by Triassic dolomite aggregate when exposed to humid or wet environments. The mortar ... specimens were exposed to various ageing conditions and analysed using petrographic and scanning electron microscopy equipped with X-ray microanalysis. Parallel to these analyses, X-ray powder diffraction and strength tests were performed on the specimens. It was revealed that reactions associated with the dedolomitisation process of the dolomite grains in the lime binder (hereafter alkali-carbonate reactions or ACRs) are the source of the improved strength and water resistance. An increasingly alkaline environment accelerated the ACRs substantially. Two parallel processes during the ACRs (dedolomitisation and CaCO3 dissolution/reprecipitation) were described in detail. Ageing temperature decisively influenced the kinetics of the dedolomitisation and dictated the path of the CaCO3 dissolution/reprecipitation process. After two years of ageing in a water-saturated environment at 60°C, air lime mortar retained a great deal of its initial mechanical strength, and at 20°C its strength was considerably increased. This somewhat unexpected observation was explained as being a result of microstructural changes and/or phase transitions.Despite controlled relative humidity in archives and private collections, fungi are a widespread cause of biodeterioration of cinematographic films and historic photographs, which represent a significant cultural and historic loss to society. Photographic emulsions and coatings are organic and hygroscopic in nature and represent a good and easily accessible source of nutrients. Because archives hold whole stacks of these materials, they subsequently contain more fungi in comparison to other enclosed spaces. This in turn generates a need for a systematic microbiological evaluation of fungi isolated from photographic documents in order to pinpoint the potentially biodeteriorative fungal species and increase awareness and control readiness when these species are encountered. With this aim, we have decided to collect data regarding fungal isolates and their biological potency from the following originating materials: gelatin cellulose triacetate or cellulose nitrate films, albumen or gelatin paper photographs, cellulose nitrate negative films, gelatin glass plate negatives and positive paper prints. In addition, the most efficient biotic degraders of gelatin binder are presented and the degradation of cellulose based supports as well as the occurring microbial interactions and the impact of inhibitory silver salts are reviewed. Lastly, based on the origins of fungal contamination and the occurrence of fungi related to allergenic and toxicogenic diseases, prevention and control measures are suggested.
    Vir: Journal of cultural heritage. - ISSN 1296-2074 (2021, str. 1-15)
    Vrsta gradiva - članek, sestavni del ; neleposlovje za odrasle
    Leto - 2021
    Jezik - angleški
    COBISS.SI-ID - 52606979

    Povezava(-e):

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1296207421000066
    DOI

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