Endotelijska disfunkcija in ateroskleroza = Endothelium dysfunction and atherosclerosis
Žižek, Bogomir, 1949-
The vascular endothelium, once believed to act solely as a mechanical barrier,is one of the body's most active paracrine and autocrine organs maintaining homeostasis between the blood and arterial ...walls. Endothelial cells release substances which profoundly affect vascular tone, blood flow andplatelet function. The vasodilation substances include endothelium-derived relaxing factor and prostacyGin (PGI2), which also have an antiplatelet effect, and act together with tissue plasminogen activator and protein S in preventing local procoagulant activity. Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide released from endothelial cells. Under certain conditions, the endothelium can also produce angiotensin II and cyclooxygenase-dependent contracting factor (PGH2). In normal arteries, the effects of NO appear to dominate. Hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking cigarettes, hypertension and atherosclerosis decrease the release of NO and increase that of endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent investigations have indicated the importance of specific adhesion molecules that can be expressed by a functionally abnormal endothelium. Ultrasonographicmethods are of great use for precise assessment of functional changes of endothelium in peripheral arteries which are manifested as reduced dilation response during reactive hyperaemia in patients with atherosclerotic vessel disease and in subjects with risk factors for atherosclerosis.
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