El enfoque educativo de la formación inicial docente (FID) exige propiciar diversas experiencias de innovación orientadas a otorgar herramientas para la transformación de realidades lectoras con el ...fin de promover el desarrollo de competencias, la valoración por el registro literario tradicional-territorial y la promoción de la construcción identitaria a través de la obra regionalista, tanto en las aulas FID como en la proyección de los espacios de aprendizaje que generarán los y las docentes en proceso de formación en su futura trayectoria profesional. En aquel contexto, el presente artículo propicia una lectura a la percepción de los y las estudiantes del octavo semestre de Pedagogía en Lenguaje y Comunicación, de la Universidad de Antofagasta, en función de una experiencia didáctico-literaria vivencial, efectuada en la ex Oficina Salitrera Chacabuco, a través de un círculo literario en territorio que contempló el trabajo con tres extractos de la obra regionalista Norte Grande, del literato antofagastino Andrés Sabella Gálvez.
Purpose
To ascertain whether red light, known to enhance mitochondrial function, can blunt a blue light insult to ARPE19 cells in culture.
Methods
Semi‐confluent ARPE19 cells cultured in 10% FBS were ...subjected to various regimes of treatment with blue (465–475 nm, 800 lux, 26 W/m2) and red (625–635 nm, 950 lux, 6.5 W/m2) light, as well as with toxins that inactivate specific enzymes associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Cultures were then analysed for cell viability (MTT assay), mitochondrial status (JC‐1), ROS formation, immunocytochemistry and the activation of specific proteins by electrophoresis/Western blotting. In addition, ARPE19 cells were cultured in polycarbonate membrane inserts in culture medium containing 1% FBS. Such cultures were exposed to cycles of red, blue or a combination of red and blue light for up to 6 weeks. Culture medium was changed and the trans‐epithelium membrane resistance (TER) of the inserts‐containing cells was measured twice weekly.
Results
ARPE19 cells in culture are affected negatively when exposed to blue light. This is indicated by a loss of viability, a depolarization of their mitochondria and a stimulation of ROS. Moreover, blue light causes an up‐regulation of HO‐1 and phospho‐p‐38‐MAPK and a cleavage of apoptosis inhibitory factor, proteins which are all known to be activated during cell death. All of these negative effects of blue light are significantly blunted by the red light administered after the blue light insult in each case. ARPE19 cell loss of viability and mitochondrial potential caused by toxins that inhibit specific mitochondrial enzyme complexes was additive to an insult delivered by blue light in each case. After a time, ARPE19 cells in culture express the tight junction protein ZO‐1, which is affected by blue light. The development of tight junctions between ARPE19 cells grown in inserts reached a steady peak of resistance after about 40 days and then increased very slightly over the next 40 days when still in darkness. However, maximum resistance was significantly attenuated, when cultures were treated with cycles of blue light after the initial 40 days in the dark and counteracted significantly when the blue light cycle insult was combined with red light.
Conclusion
Blue light affects mitochondrial function and also the development tight junctions between ARPE19 cells, which results in a loss of cell viability. Importantly, red light delivered after a blue light insult is significantly blunted. These findings argue for the therapeutic use of red light as a noninvasive procedure to attenuate insults caused by blue light and other insults to retinal pigment epithelial cell mitochondria that are likely to occur in age‐related macular degeneration.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo poner de manifiesto la violencia mental, física y sexual que padecieron mujeres indígenas, afrodescendientes y mestizas de clase baja. Mujeres que fueron acusadas y ...llevadas a juicio por delitos de infanticidio y amancebamiento durante finales del siglo XIX y parte del XX. La investigación adopta un enfoque cualitativo con una perspectiva hermenéutica comprensiva, inspirada en la metodología de Wilhem Dilthey, y utiliza asincronías intencionadas según la propuesta de Reinhart Koselleck. Se emplean fuentes primarias de archivo judicial escritas e iconográficas con el propósito de realizar un proceso de deconstrucción, que implica la separación de unidades textuales seguida de una posterior reconstrucción. Esta metodología permite obtener una narrativa que arroja luz sobre la vida diaria de estas mujeres, la cual resultó agotadora debido a la división de sus responsabilidades emocionales en el cuidado de sus familias y la carga económica que asumieron mediante labores realizadas fuera del hogar. En algunos momentos, estas responsabilidades se llevaron a cabo durante el transcurso de un embarazo, el cual, en algunos casos, resultó en pérdidas asociadas a la violencia sexual. Este trauma no solo conllevó el rechazo social y religioso, sino también extensos interrogatorios que demandaron respuestas a múltiples preguntas y sometieron sus cuerpos a diversas revisiones.
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•Ultrasound/thermal treatment led to significant solubilization of sewage sludge.•Methane yield was increased 19.1–29.9% depending on sludge retention time.•Pre-treatment and ...retention time affect water recovery and inorganics in digestate.•1.5 and 2.4–3.1 logarithmic removals were observed for coliphages and coliforms.•Biogas production improvement is proportional to pre-treatment COD solubilization.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and digestate quality of advanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge including sequential ultrasound–thermal (55 °C) pre-treatment. Both stages of pre-treatment contributed to chemical oxygen demand (COD) solubilization, with an overall factor of 11.4 ± 2.2%. Pre-treatment led to 19.1, 24.0 and 29.9% increased methane yields at 30, 15 and 7.5 days solid retention times (SRT), respectively, without affecting process stability or accumulation of intermediates. Pre-treatment decreased up to 4.2% water recovery from the digestate, but SRT was a more relevant factor controlling dewatering. Advanced digestion showed 2.4–3.1 and 1.5 logarithmic removals of coliforms and coliphages, respectively, and up to a 58% increase in the concentration of inorganics in the digestate solids compared to conventional digestion. The COD balance of the process showed that the observed increase in methane production was proportional to the pre-treatment solubilization efficiency.
Blue light impinging on the many mitochondria associated with retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in situ has the potential of eliciting necroptosis through an action on RIP1/RIP3 to stimulate RGC death in ...diseases like glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Cells in culture die when exposed to blue light. The death process is mitochondria-dependent and is known to involve a decrease in the production of ATP, a generation of ROS, the activation of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase, the stimulation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) as well as the up-regulation of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Our present results show that blue light-induced activation of AIF is not directly linked with the stimulation of RIP1/RIP3. Down-regulation of RIP1/RIP3 did not influence AIF. AIF activation therefore appears to enhance the rate of necroptosis by a direct action on DNA breakdown, the end stage of necroptosis. This implies that silencing of AIF mRNA may provide a degree of protection to blue light insult. Also, necrostatin-1 attenuated an increased turnover of HO-1 mRNA caused by blue light to suggest an indirect inhibition of necroptosis, caused by the action of necrostatin-1 on RIP1/RIP3 to reduce oxidative stress. This is supported by the finding that gene silencing of RIP1 and RIP3 has no effect on HO-1. We therefore conclude that inhibitors of RIP kinase might be more specific than necrostatin-1 as a neuroprotective agent to blunt solely necroptosis caused by blue light.
GEM research: achievements and challenges Álvarez, Claudia; Urbano, David; Amorós, José Ernesto
Small business economics,
03/2014, Letnik:
42, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article analyzes the content and evolution of research based on the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project. We conducted a rigorous search of articles published in journals within the ...Thomson Reuters' Social Sciences Citation Index® through an exploratory analysis focused on articles using GEM data. The main findings of this study reveal that the institutional approach is the most commonly used conceptual framework. Also, although there are still few academic publications using GEM data, the number of articles is increasing, as are opportunities for future research.
Effect of support groups on caregiver’s quality of life Bernabéu‐Álvarez, Claudia; Lima‐Rodríguez, Joaquín‐Salvador; Lima‐Serrano, Marta
Family process,
June 2022, 2022-Jun, 2022-06-00, 20220601, Letnik:
61, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that participating in support groups for caregivers has on the quality of life and psychotropic drug use of family caregivers of adults with ...limitations in activities of daily living. A controlled quasi‐experimental longitudinal design was used with 134 caregivers (64 in the experimental group and 70 in the control group). The outcomes were health‐related quality of life (EuroQol 5D3L test) and psychotropic drug use (no/yes). The analyses were performed using SPSS and R statistical software. An interaction was observed between the condition and the level of limitations in activities of daily living of the care receiver, having an effect on the caregiver's psychotropic drug use (p = 0.003), with this use being lower among caregivers who attend support groups when their relatives present fewer limitations in activities of daily living. Moreover, the quality of life was higher in the post‐test in the experimental group (B = 8.66, p = 0.015). In conclusion, support groups could improve the caregiver's quality of life and decrease psychotropic drug use when the care receiver has low limitations in activities of daily living.
Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto que tiene la participación en grupos de apoyo para cuidadores en la calidad de vida y el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos de cuidadores familiares de adultos con limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria. Se usó un diseño longitudinal cuasiexperimental controlado con 134 cuidadores (64 en el grupo experimental y 70 en el grupo de referencia). Los criterios de evaluación fueron la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (test EuroQol 5D3L) y el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos (sí / no). Los análisis se realizaron usando los programas estadísticos SPSS y R. Se observó una interacción entre la enfermedad y el nivel de limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria del receptor del cuidado y el efecto que tuvo en el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos del cuidador (p=0.003). Este consumo fue menor entre los cuidadores que asisten a grupos de apoyo cuando sus familiares presentan menos limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria. Además, la calidad de vida fue mayor en el grupo experimental después del test (B=8.66, p=0.015). En resumen, los grupos de apoyo podrían mejorar la calidad de vida del cuidador y disminuir el consumo de fármacos psicotrópicos cuando el receptor del cuidado tiene pocas limitaciones en las actividades de la vida diaria.
摘要
本研究的目的是评估参与照顾者支持团体对日常生活活动受限的成人家庭照顾者的生活质量和精神药物使用的影响。采用准实验纵向对照设计，134名护理人员(实验组64名，对照组70名)参与。结果是健康相关的生活质量(EuroQol 5D3L试验)和精神药物使用(否/是)。采用SPSS和R统计软件进行分析。观察一个交互水平的限制和条件之间活动的日常生活保健接收者, 对照顾者的精神药物使用有影响(p = 0.003), 观察到病情和被照顾者日常生活活动的限制程度之间的相互作用，对照顾者的精神药物使用有影响（P=0.003），当他们的亲属在日常生活活动中出现较少的限制时，参加支持小组的照顾者的使用量较低。此外，实验组的生活质量在后测试中更高（B=8.66，p=0.015）。综上所述，当照顾者的日常生活活动受限时，支持团体可以改善照顾者的生活质量，减少精神药物的使用。
Delay in tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is one of the first obstacles for controlling the disease. Delays generate greater deterioration of the health of the patients and increase the possibilities of ...transmission and infection at home and in the community. The aim of the study was to identify profiles and individual variables associated with patient delays and health care system delays in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Medellín, Colombia, a city that notifies 1400 new cases per year.
A retrospective cohort study in adults with PTB was conducted from May to September of 2017. Sociodemographic, health care-seeking behaviour, and clinical variables were measured. The outcomes were patient delay and health care system delay. The data were obtained from records of the local TB program, and a questionnaire was applied by the health care team that performs routine field visits. Simple correspondence analysis was used to identify groups (profiles), and their characteristics. Cox's proportional hazards model was carried out to identify the variables associated with the delays.
The study included 183 patients. The total delay median was 101 days (IQR: 64-163). Patient delay was of 35 days (IQR: 14-84), the profile with greater delay belonged to consumers of psychoactive substances. The health care system delay was of 27 days (IQR: 7-89), the attributes of the profile with greater delay were being a female, having more than two consultations before the diagnosis, and having prescribed antibiotics. Basic-medium educational level HR
= 0.69; 95% CI (0.49-0.97) and having a TB home contact HR
= 0.68; 95% CI (0.48-0.96) were associated with greater patient delay. Having negative acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear HR
= 0.64; 95% CI (0.45-0.92) and more than two consultations before the diagnosis HR
= 0.33; 95% CI (0.22-0.49) was associated with greater health care system delay.
Data from epidemiological surveillance allowed locating risk groups with delays in TB diagnosis which requires the prioritisation of the local TB control program to promote early detection and prevention of adverse outcomes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cyber-attacks are a major problem for users, businesses, and institutions. Classical anomaly detection techniques can detect malicious traffic generated in a cyber-attack by analyzing individual ...network packets. However, routers that manage large traffic loads can only examine some packets. These devices often use lightweight flow-based protocols to collect network statistics. Analyzing flow data also allows for detecting malicious network traffic. But even gathering flow data has a high computational cost, so routers usually apply a sampling rate to generate flows. This sampling reduces the computational load on routers, but much information is lost. This work aims to demonstrate that malicious traffic can be detected even on flow data collected with a sampling rate of 1 out of 1,000 packets. To do so, we evaluate anomaly-detection-based models using synthetic sampled flow data and actual sampled flow data from RedCAYLE, the Castilla y León regional subnet of the Spanish academic and research network. The results presented show that detection of malicious traffic on sampled flow data is possible using novelty-detection-based models with a high accuracy score and a low false alarm rate.
Light of different wave-lengths have the potential to interact with four major mitochondrial protein complexes that are involved in the generation of ATP. Neurones of the central nervous system have ...an absolute dependence on mitochondrial generated ATP. Laboratory studies show that short-wave or blue light (400-480nm) that impinges on the retina affect flavin and cytochrome constituents associated with mitochondria to decrease the rate of ATP formation, stimulate ROS and results in cell death. This suggests that blue light could potentially have a negative influence on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) mitochondria that are abundant and not shielded by macular pigments as occurs for photoreceptor mitochondria. This might be of significance in glaucoma where it is likely that RGC mitochondria are already affected and therefore be more susceptible to blue light. Thus simply filtering out some natural blue light from entering the eye might be beneficial for the treatment of glaucoma. Long-wave or red light (650-800nm) affects mitochondrial complex IV or cytochrome oxidase to increase the rate of formation of ATP and ROS causing the generation of a number of beneficial factors. Significantly, laboratory studies show that increasing the normal amount of natural red light reaching rat RGC mitochondria in situ, subjected to ischemia, proved to be beneficial. A challenge now is to test whether extra red light delivered to the human retina can slow-down RGC loss in glaucoma. Such a methodology has also the advantage of being non-invasive. One very exciting possibility might be in the production of a lens where solar UV light is convertes to add to the amount of natural red light entering the eye.
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