Water and water resources, which are accepted as a source of life, are becoming more and more important due to global climate changes and increasing human population. At this point, we encounter ...cities with the highest water consumption and dense population. Especially in landscaping in metropolises, green area applications requiring intensive water use, intensive use of exotic trees and bushes in plant selection and creation of very large lawn areas adversely affect the ecological approach values and sustainable identity of the city due to thirst problems. Since water is so important in today's conditions, the right design firstly starts with an effective survey. Besides, the xeriscape approach and its principles should be considered. In this context, a historical garden sample Dol-mabahce Palace (Mabeyn Garden) selected as a study area was evaluated in terms of xeriscape principles. In line with the findings, the extent to which the study area complies with the principles of xeriscape was evaluated. In the evaluations, it was concluded that the planning and design of the garden complied with these principles to a great extent.
There are some basic requirements such as observing with personal experience, perceiving and realizing the detail and using imagination in the perception of the space. On the basis of these ...requirements, the detail about the space is interpreted by processing in a cognitive process with all experiences that the perceptor has. In the study; it is tried to reveal the perceptibility level of the environment in order to create a healthy space organization that meets the needs and expectations of the visitors who use the space. On the purpose of this, Sultanahmet Square and its surrounding which carry the traces of different civilizations and cultures that belong to thousands of years and have the urban texture with its physical and functional change and transformation in addition to the identity of the architectural and social texture, trade and tourism center have been selected as the research area in Istanbul. Question and Cognitive Mapping Technique has been conducted in the study. 229 visitors have been asked to mark the most frequently used/ unused spaces and the most popular/unpopular spaces in the area by using face-to-face interviews and the visitor data Then, Point Density Analysis has been conducted with these maps and Density Map has been prepared with the preferences with the help of ArcGIS Program. As a result, the obtained density maps and the opinions of the visitors have been evaluated and the results of spatial analysis have been detailed.
Çocuklarda çevre okuryazarlığı analizi KART AKTAŞ, Nilüfer; ÇINAR, Hande Sanem
Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi,
10/2023, Letnik:
24, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Çevre, çocukların yaratıcılığında ve gelişiminde olumlu katkılar sağlamasının yanında onlara eğlence dolu bir ortam oluşturması ile çocuklara çevreye sahip çıkmanın heyecanını ve sorumluluğunu ...yaşatır. Çevre okuryazarlığı, çevrenin korunması ve çocuğun gelişiminde oldukça önemli bir konudur. Doğa temelli okulların çoğalması bu kapsamda iyi bir örnektir. Ancak her birey bu kapsamda eğitim almamaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç çocukların doğa ile iç içe oldukları bir ortamda oynarken çevre okuryazarlığı bileşenleri olarak kabul edilen çevre bilgisi, çevreye ait sorunlar, bu sorunlara aranan çözüm yolları, doğa hakkındaki bilgileri, çevreye yönelik tutumları, çevre sorunlarından kaynaklanan korkuları, huzursuzlukları, değer yargıları ve çevre sorunlarının çözümüne hazır olma gibi davranışlara verdiği tepkileri, alanda gözlemlenen fiziksel davranışları, çocukların oyunu için bulundukları ortamda mekân ve donatı sağlayan unsurlarını nasıl değerlendirdiklerinin ölçülmesidir. Bu kapsamda, İstanbul’un en önemli parklarından biri olan doğal zenginliği ve içinde birçok farklı çocuk oyun alanları barındıran Emirgan Parkı örnek alan seçilmiştir. Emirgan Parkı’nda çocuklarla anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yanıt veren kişilerin rasgele seçildiği ve karşılıklı görüşme tekniği ile yürütülen anket çalışmasında, örneklem büyüklüğü 100 olarak alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çevre okuryazarlığının artması için çevreyi bütün yönleriyle algılama ve düşünce geliştirme gibi alışkanlıklar kazandırmanın öneminin büyük olduğu, çocukların deneyim kazanması için okulların yanında farklı eğitim ortamları ve yöntemlerinin kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı saptanmıştır.
The environment not only contributes positively to children's creativity and development, but also provides them with a fun-filled environment and gives them the excitement and responsibility of taking care of the environment. Environmental literacy is a very important issue in environmental protection and child development. The proliferation of nature-based schools is a good example in this context. However, not all individuals receive education in this context. The aim of this study is to measure children's reactions to behaviors such as environmental knowledge, environmental problems, solutions to these problems, knowledge about nature, attitudes towards the environment, fears arising from environmental problems, restlessness, value judgments and readiness to solve environmental problems, physical behaviors observed in the field, and how children evaluate the elements that provide space and equipment in the environment they are in for play while playing in an environment where they are in touch with nature. In this context, Emirgan Park, one of the most important parks of Istanbul, with its natural richness and many different children's playgrounds, was selected as a sample area. A survey was conducted with children in Emirgan Park. The sample size was taken as 100 in the survey study in which the respondents were randomly selected and conducted with the interview technique. As a result of the research, it was determined that in order to increase environmental literacy, it is important to gain habits such as perceiving the environment in all aspects and developing thinking, and that it would be useful to use different educational environments and methods besides schools for children to gain experience.
Geleneksel
yerleşimlere bakıldığında, insanların yaşadıkları yörenin, ağırlıklı olarak
doğal faktörler ile biçimlenmesiyle oluştuğu görülmektedir. Geleneksel yerleşimlerin
oluşumunda farklı ...bölgelerde yaşayan ve kendi kültürlerini oluşturmuş
toplumların dini, felsefi, politik çeşitlilikleri ile doğal kaynakları sanat ve
ideolojiyle buluşturması da bir diğer önemli etmenlerdir. İran bahçe ve
mimarisinin gelişimini, bu bahçe sanatının İslami düşüncenin özünden çıktığı da
göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, yaşam için arzu edilen ideal şartların, cenneti
ve ebediyeti temsil eden mekanların bir aynası olduğu görülebilmektedir. Fakat
tarihi süreç içerisinde, etkilendikleri akımlarla beraber coğrafi bölge
özelliklerinin farklılıkları kentsel dokudan, bahçe planlarına ve bina ölçeğine
kadar değişimlere neden olmuştur.
Bu araştırmada
İran’ın tarihi gelişim süreci içerisinde mimari yapı ve çevresinin doğal
faktörlere göre bahçe ve mimari üsluplardaki gelişim ve değişim tipolojileri
analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, İran geleneksel bahçeleri ve mimari yapıları içinde
bulunduğu coğrafyanın kendine has koşullarının değerlendirilerek oluşturulduğu
görülmektedir. İran bahçelerinde bahçenin tüm unsurları, bitkisel alanlarla
uygun bir bağlam sağlamak için birlikte çalışmaktadırlar. Bahçede yer alan ağaç
ve çiçekli bitkilerin, tasarımcının tasarladığıfonksiyonel
alanlarınparalelindeyer aldığı ve su ögesinden sonra, ağaçlar bahçede anlamlar
ve semiyoloji açısından ikinci en önemli rolü taşımaktadır. İran’da doğallığın
öncelikli olduğu tasarımların yapılması, yapılan mimari tasarımın bir üslup
olarak gelenekselleşmesine olanak tanımıştır.
When traditional settlements are examined, it is seen
that the way people continue their lives is shaped mainly by natural factors.
Another important issue is to bring together religions, philosophical,
political diversities of different geographical and cultural societies with
nature, art and ideology. Considering the development of Iranian garden and
architecture, and the fact that this garden art is the essence of the Islamic
thinker, it can be seen that the ideal conditions desired for life are a mirror
of spaces representing heaven and eternity. But in the historical process, the
differences in geographical region characteristics along with the current
influences have caused changes from urban dwellings to garden plans and
building scales.
In this research, the architectural structure in
Iran's historical development process and the development and change typologies
in the garden and architectural styles according to the natural factors of the
environment have been analyzed. As a result, Iran’s traditional gardens and
architectural structures are the result of evaluating the unique conditions of
the zone to which it belongs. In Iranian gardens, all elements of the garden
work together to provide an appropriate context with vegetative areas. It is
seen that the trees and flowering plants in the garden, in parallel with the
functional areas determined by the designer, have the second most important
role in the garden after the water element in terms of meanings and semiology.
Natural designs are prioritized, allowing the architectural design to be
traditionalized as a style in Iran
At every stage of human history, people migrate by force or by their own will. Both forced and willing migrations are caused by wars, poverty and a higher expectation for better living standards, ...employment, residence, social status, quality life, education, and others. In Turkey, migration from rural to urban areas that took place between the 1950s and 1980s has caused millions of people to migrate to cosmopolitan cities, like Istanbul. One of the main reasons for immigration to the city was due to the quality of life in the city and rural areas. This geographically displaced process of millions of people has influenced economic, social and cultural change and transformation in both the city and the village. Migrants often migrate to cities without proper knowledge, skills, and expertise, which significantly affect their economic, social and cultural status in the city where they have moved. For this reason, immigrants usually use their own "integration strategies". Most of the migrants could not adapt to the rapid life of the metropolis, so they preferred to live in shanties by isolating themselves from metropolitan life, which became one of the major urban problems. The Urban regeneration process, which entered our life rapidly as a result of the great earthquake that occurred in 1999, led to rapid changes in both the social and physical space and even the transformation in Istanbul. Thus, this study aims to analyze the physical, spatial and social changes in the urban regeneration process of the regions where the first shanty was established in Istanbul. An assessment of this shanty in Istanbul is significant because it received the biggest number of migrants between the 1950s and 1980s. Consequently, urban, economic, social and cultural effects of these changes continue to shape present-day Istanbul’s urban system and urban identity.
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