•The inhibitory effects of ricobendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole and oxfendazole on glutathione s-transferase activity.•IC50 values were found; ricobendazole (53.31 μM) < oxfendazole (57.75 μM) < ...albendazole (63.00 μM) < thiabendazole (69.30 μM).•Ricobendazole drug showed the best inhibitory effect with the lowest Ki value.
Benzimidazoles are antiparasitic drugs having an extensive application field like agriculture, medicine, and especially in veterinary medicine. In this study, we report the effect of some benzimidazole drugs such as ricobendazole (RBZ), thiabendazole (TBZ), albendazole (ALBA) and oxfendazole (OFZ) on glutathione s-transferase (GST) enzyme activity. The kinetics studies, IC50 and Ki values of the tested drugs on GSTs enzyme activity were investigated. The obtained ranking of IC50 values were found to be approximately RBZ (53.31 μM, r2: 0.9778) < OFZ (57.75 μM, r2: 0.9630) < ALBA (63.00 μM, r2: 0.9443) < TBZ (69.30 μM, r2: 0.9491). And the obtained ranking of Ki values of the tested drugs (RBZ, TBZ, ALBA, and OFZ) for GSTs enzyme activity was found to be approximately 26.37 ± 2.96, 44.01 ± 5.74, 39.82 ± 3.98 and 30.14 ± 3.03 μM, respectively. Experimental results showed that tested the benzimidazoles drugs have some significant inhibitory effect on GSTs enzyme activity. And also, it was determined that RBZ, ALBA, OFZ are competitive inhibition, but TBZ is non-competitive inhibitors on GSTs enzyme activity. RBZ drug showed the best inhibitory effect with the lowest Ki value.
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This study reports on one of the best heterogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of dimethylamine–borane (DMAB). This new catalytic system consists of highly monodisperse Pd and ...Ru alloy nanoparticles supported by poly(N-vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PdRu@PVP). The prepared heterogeneous catalyst can be reproducibly formed using an ultrasonic reduction technique for DMAB dehydrogenation under mild conditions. For the characterization of PdRu@PVP nanomaterials, several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were used. The prepared PdRu@PVP nanomaterials with an average particle size of 3.82 ± 1.10 nm provided an 808.03 h−1 turnover frequency (TOF) in the dehydrogenation of DMAB and yielded 100% of the cyclic product (Me2NBH2)2 under mild conditions. Furthermore, the activities of catalysts were investigated theoretically using DFT-B3LYP calculations. The theoretical results based on density functional theory were in favorable agreement with the experimental data.
•PdNi@VC nanocatalysts were prepared using ultrasonic reduction method.•PdNi@VC has been reported as highly efficient, stable and durable catalyst.•PdNi@VC was applied for the hydrogen evolution from ...dimethylamine borane.•TOF value of PdNi@VC was found to be 283.48 h−1, which is one of the best values among all catalysts.
Herein, Palladium–Nickel alloy nanoparticles assembled on Vulcan carbon composites (PdNi@VC) have been reported as highly efficient, stable and durable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution from dimethylamine borane. Palladium–Nickel alloy nanoparticles assembled on Vulcan carbon composites were prepared using ultrasonic reduction technique and characterized using some analytical methods. The characterization analyses revealed that Palladium–Nickel alloy nanoparticles assembled on Vulcan carbon composites have a monodisperse metal distribution and crystalline structure. Some catalytic experiments were performed, and some activation parameters such as activation energy (Ea=40.05 ± 2 kJ/mol), activation entropy (ΔS =−132.11± 1 J mol−1 K−1) and activation enthalpy (ΔH =37.55 ± 1 kJ mol−1) were calculated for catalytic reaction of dimethylamine borane. The turnover frequency (TOF) value of Palladium–Nickel alloy nanoparticles assembled on Vulcan carbon composites was found to be 283.48 h−1, having one of the best catalytic activities among the previous heterogenous catalysts tested for dimethylamine borane (DMAB) catalytic reaction.
The effect of green synthesis approaches in NP synthesis and their possible toxicity in aquatic environments has been very limitedly studied. In this study, VA-Ag / AC NPs were synthesised using ...Viscum album plant as a reducing agent and Chenopodium album (CA) plant as an active carbon source. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and XRD (X-ray crystallography) analysis of the synthesised VA-Ag / AC NPs were performed to detect their morphological and chemical properties. The inducing of oxidative stress and the effectiveness of VA-Ag/AC NPs in neurotoxic pathways and teratogenic changes in aquatic organisms have been investigated. In addition, a modelling was created to elucidate the toxicity mechanism. The results revealed that green synthesised VA-Ag/AC NPs nanoparticles are approximately 1600 times less toxic than nanoparticles synthesised by different methods. It had been determined that only high doses of VA-Ag/AC NPs nanoparticles cause neurological, histopathological and morphological changes. The findings in this study for VA-Ag/AC NPs, which are the evidence of the complexity of their mode of action at the cellular level, are a first in the aquatic ecosystem and require different findings regarding the stability and safety of such synthesis products.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO nanocatalysts were successfully synthesized.•MB degradation was detected to reach 93%.•Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO catalyst retained %76 after 5 reuse trials.
In this study, ...Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO nanocatalysts were successfully synthesized, characterized with advanced analysis techniques, and their catalytic performance on MB dye degradation was investigated with a series of experimental parameters. The characterizations of SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses were applied to reveal the physicochemical structure of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid sonocatalyst. TEM analyses showed that Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid sonocatalyst was found to be quite homogeneous and its average particle size was 2.9 nm. The crystallinity, surface and content analysis of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst was clarified by XRD, and SEM-EDS analyses. GC-MS analysis was performed to detect the by-products constituted after the dye degradation using Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst. The degradation experimental results revealed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced were proved to be effective species in the degradation process due to the presence of Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst. The MB degradation reached 93 % in 120 min under common conditions of 4.5 pH, 2 mM H2O2 concentration, 1.0 mg/L catalyst concentration, and 20 mg.L-1 dye concentration. To test the effectiveness of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst, many trials with, without a catalyst and using different scavengers were carried out. The scavenger experiment results revealed that the hydroxyl radicals play a prominent role degradation of MB under ultrasonic conditions with Fe3O4/CeO2/CuO catalyst. As a result, our findings showed that Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst has great potential for treating MB in wastewater.
In adsorption experiments, enzymes and diatomite clay minerals that have been used lately are of great importance due to their biological and physicochemical properties. For this purpose, in this ...study, the adsorption and kinetic parameters of lipase enzyme on diatomite clay were investigated. The diatomite and the lipase enzyme were characterized by SEM, TGA, FTIR, etc. The effect of adsorption kinetic parameters such as pH (from 5.5 to 9), initial of enzyme concentration (0.10–0.35 g L
−1
), temperature (288–318 K), and ionic strength (1.10
−3
–7.5.10
−3
mol L
−1
) was investigated, and obtained optimum conditions for the maximum adsorption capacity of diatomite clay were found to be pH 7, temperature of 36.5 °C, and ionic strength of 0.35 g L
−1
. The kinetic data obtained from experimental studies were investigated using different kinetic models that are pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion. The results showed the second-order equation was found to be the best kinetic model for the adsorption process. The activation parameters such as
E
a
, enthalpy (Δ
H
), Gibbs free energy (Δ
G
), and entropy (Δ
S
) were calculated. The activation parameter results showed that the interaction between diatomite clay and lipase enzyme is a physical interaction and their adsorption process is exothermic. These results indicated that diatomite clay could be used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of lipase on diatomite.
In this study, a new composite film consisting of polyethylene (PE)/oxide minerals (bentonite, silica, and diatomite) was successfully synthesized. Polymer modification was carried out by melting ...method. Coating of oxide minerals with PE has shown important results for size control, stabilization and increasing strength. Benzoyl chloride was used as a modifying material in the mechanism. According to the mechanism, it increases the interactions between the mineral and polyethylene through adsorption of the polymer backbone by ion pairing. The resulting composite materials were characterized using advanced analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR), Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The morphological structures of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM and FTIR analyses showed that bentonite, silica, and diatomite were modified with PE using an extruder device. At the same time, mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength of films containing 5% oxide mineral is higher than that of pure polyethylene film. In addition, the homogeneous appearance of the surfaces of the films has changed from porous to brittle appearance with the increase in the oxide mineral ratio in composite films. It was found that with the increase in the percentage of minerals in composite films using modified oxide minerals, porous and brittle structures do not form much on the film surfaces, and the interaction of the mineral with the polymer matrix increases. The study had important results in terms of emphasizing the cost-effectiveness of the modification of different minerals with PE, the suitability of production by smelting method and the improvement of mechanical properties. In addition, it is important to obtain different composite derivatives for use in the industrial field.
In this study, PdRu@GO catalyst was fabricated for hydrogen evolution from dimethylamine borane (DMAB). PdRu@GO catalyst was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission ...electron microscopy (TEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated catalyst composed of a monodisperse distribution of palladium/ruthenium on graphene oxide and has a mean particle size of 2.74 ± 0.53 nm. The nanoparticles were tested in the catalytic reaction of DMAB at different parameters such as temperature, substrate/catalyst concentrations, and reusability. The test results performed with different parameters showed that PdRu@GO catalyst exhibits high catalytic performance in the dehydrogenation of DMAB under room conditions. PdRu@GO catalyst was determined to have 330.22 h−1 of TOF and 28.72 kJ mol−1 of activation energy (Ea) values for the catalytic dehydrogenation reaction of DMAB.
•Highly efficient PdRu@GO nanocatalysts were synthesized via microwave-assisted method.•PdRu@GO was utilized to catalytic dehydrogenation of DMAB.•PdRu@GO has been reported as highly efficient, stable and durable catalyst.•Synthesized nano catalyst exhibited significiant catalytic activity with a TOF value of 330.22 h−1, and Ea = 28.72 kJ mol−1.
In the present work, SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNT nanocatalyst was fabricated according to a sonochemical-hydrothermal procedure. The surface morphology and structure analyses of the synthesized SnO
2
-Fe
...3
O
4
@MWCNT were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, EDS, FTIR and BET analyses. The degradation efficiency of SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNT nanocatalyst in MB solution was tested by several experimental conditions such as SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNT dosage (8–20 mg/L), initial MB concentration (20–50 mg/L), initial solution pH (5–9), and ultrasonic output power (37–60 kHz). SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNT nanocatalyst retained its efficiency as 85% at common experimental conditions of 16 mg/L of SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNTs, 45 mg/L of MB, pH of 8, H
2
O
2
of 15 mM, and 60 kHz in 60 min under ultrasonic irradiation. In addition, the optimum experiment conditions for SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNTs in MB degradation were investigated. The experiment result showed that the degradation efficiency of MB was increased by adding H
2
O
2
to the reaction medium due to forming more free radicals. Further, it was detected that OH• radicals were determined to be the dominant oxidative species in MB degradation using SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNT catalyst. The reuse tests showed that SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNT sonocatalyst preserved its very stable structure after using the same catalyst 5 times. The intermediates and by-products after MB degradation using the catalyst were indicated by GC–MS analysis. Overall the results showed that the SnO
2
-Fe
3
O
4
@MWCNT sonocatalyst has excellent potential for treating organic pollutants in wastewater.
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