Abstract
Even though the standard model (SM) of particle physics aligns with many experimental results, the need to expand the SM arises to address important open questions. The most suitable and ...minimal extension of the SM is the local gauge group
S
U
(
3
)
C
⊗
S
U
(
3
)
L
⊗
U
(
1
)
X
, which is known as the ‘3-3-1 model’ in the literature. In this paper, a democratic mass matrix (DMM) approach is applied to the lepton sector of one of the anomaly free 3-3-1 model. It is demonstrated that the DMM parametrization can fit with experimental mass and
3
×
3
Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix (PMNS) data. Also we have presented an extended PMNS matrix elements for the gauge bosons of
K
±
(and
K
0
,
K
ˉ
0
) which mediate between new heavy neutrinos and leptons (known neutrinos).
A symmetry of Brans-Dicke gravity in (electro)vacuo or in the presence of conformally invariant matter is presented and used as a solution-generating technique starting from a known solution as a ...seed. This novel technique is applied to generate, as examples, new spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies, a 3-parameter family of spherical time-dependent spacetimes conformal to a Campanelli-Lousto geometry, and a family of cylindrically symmetric geometries.
Avalanches with power-law distributed size parameters have been observed in neuronal networks. This observation might be a manifestation of self-organized criticality (SOC). Yet, the physiological ...mechanisms of this behaviour are currently unknown. Describing synaptic noise as transmission failures mainly originating from the probabilistic nature of neurotransmitter release, this study investigates the potential of this noise as a mechanism for driving the functional architecture of the neuronal networks towards SOC. To this end, a simple finite state neuron model, with activity dependent and synapse specific failure probabilities, was built based on the known anatomical connectivity data of the nematode Ceanorhabditis elegans. Beginning from random values, it was observed that synaptic noise levels picked out a set of synapses and consequently an active subnetwork that generates power-law distributed neuronal avalanches. The findings of this study bring up the possibility that synaptic failures might be a component of physiological processes underlying SOC in neuronal networks.
.
A widespread solution-generating technique of general relativity consists of conformally transforming known “seed” solutions. It is shown that these new solutions always solve the field equations ...of a pathological Brans-Dicke theory. However, when interpreted as effective Einstein equations, those field equations exhibit, in the case of a cosmological “background”, an induced imperfect fluid as an additional effective source besides the original sources of the “seed” solutions. As an application of this feature, the charged non-rotating Thakurta black hole, which is conformal to Reissner-Nordström, is used to demonstrate the fragility of the inner Cauchy horizon when this black hole is embedded in the universe (even accounting for the separation of black hole and Hubble scales). Furthermore, we show that the charged McVittie spacetime, although not conformal to any GR solution, represents a charged black hole embedded in a cosmological “background” with varying Hubble parameter that does not exhibit a real Cauchy horizon. These arguments speak in favor of restoring determinism to Einstein theory, which was questioned in recent research.
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) e^{+}e^{-} injector complex needs to produce and transport high-intensity e^{+} and e^{-} beams at a fast repetition rate for topping up at collision energy. Two ...options are considered for a preaccelerator ring, to be used for an intermediate accumulation and acceleration before the bunches are transferred to the high-energy booster. One option is a slightly modified Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), and the other is designing a new ring. We explore the needs and parameters of the existing SPS as prebooster ring and also develop a conceptual design of an alternative accelerator ring. After establishing the basic parameters, we describe the optics design and layout and discuss the single-particle linear and nonlinear dynamics optimization, including magnetic and alignment errors. In addition, we present synchrotron radiation power studies and analytical estimates of various collective effects for both prebooster ring design options, including space charge, intrabeam scattering, longitudinal microwave instability, transverse mode coupling instability, ion effects, electron cloud, and coherent synchrotron radiation.
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