İzmit Körfezinde 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren hızlı sanayileşme ve bunun sonucu olarak da yoğun kentleşme ile birlikte çevre sorunları görülmeye başlanmıştır.Bu çalışma büyük sanayii kuruluşları ...kirlilik parametrelerinin İzmit körfezi’ne getirdiği atık yükleri incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Atık sulan körfeze yaklaşık 11 farklı noktadan girmekte olan sanayii kuruluşları proses özelliklerine göre gruplandırılmış olup, 10’u kimya sanayii, 5’i gıda sanayii, 3'ü petrol sanayii, 4’ü metal sanayii, 3’ü selüloz - kağıt - karton sanayii, 2’si tekstil sanayii, 1’i deri - deri mamulleri sanayii, Ti maden sanayii, Ti aydınlatma sanayiine aittir. Körfezin batı, orta ve doğusunda dağılım gösteren bu kuruluşların alıcı ortama deşarj noktalarından ve açıktan deniz suyu numuneleri alınarak “ Su Kirliliği Kontrol yönetmeliği ” deşarj standartlarında belirtilen kirletici parametrelere göre analizleri yapıldı.Endüstri kuruluşlarından körfeze günde yaklaşık 59349.7 m3 su ile birlikte 1607.59 kg/gün BOI5, 6881.18 kg/gün AKM, 463.553 kg/gün yağ ve gres, 14.192 kg/gün toplam ağır metal, 17.50 mg/1 N girmekte olduğu saptandı. Körfez deniz suyu analiz sonuçlarına göre endüstri kuruluşlarından TN 12.647 mg/1, TP 7.646 mg/1 olup kirliliğin açıklara doğru azalmakta olduğu saptandı. Nitekim açıktan alınan numunelerde TN 6.01 mg/1 TP ise 1.695 mg/1 olarak saptandı. Kimya sanayii’ne ait A1 ( gübre üretimi), A3 ( boya üretim i), Gıda sanayii’ne ait Bî ( sıvı yağ rafinasyonu ),B2 ( maya üretim i), B3 ( süt ve süt ürünleri), B5 ( sitrik asit üretim i), Metal sanayii’ne ait C3 ( metal hazır- lama-iletken plaka im alatı), C4 ( boru endüstrisi), Selüloz- Kağıt-Karton 1sanayii’ne ait E2 ( yüzey kaplamalı dolgulu kağıt),Tekstil sanayii’ne ait Fi ( açık elyaf, iplik üretimi ve terbiyesi), F2 ( dokunmuş kumaş terbiyesi), Deri-Deri Mamulleri sanayii’ne ait G ( aglomera deri ve pres kaplam a) atık suların kirlilik parametreleri “Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği” deşarj standarlarına uygun olmadığı belirlendi.Ayrıca körfezin doğu bölgesinde bulunan Gıda Sanayii’ne ait endüstri kuruluşlarının yüksek değerlerde kirlilik taşıdığı görüldü. Gerek bölgedeki endüstri kuruluşlarının atıksularının yüksek değerlerde kirlilik taşıması, gerekse bu bölgede su hareketlerinin ve derinliğin az olması körfezin doğu bölgesinin yüksek değerlerde kirlilik taşımasına neden olmuştur.Endüstiyel kaynaklı yüklerin gelecekte artmaması için birincil ve ikincil arıtımın azot ve fosfor açısından yeterli olmasının yanısıra, yeni kurulacak tesislerde üçüncül arıtımın uygulanmasının ötrofikasyonun azalması için gerekli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Amaç: İleri yaş iskemik inmeli hastalarda olası yan etkiler/ilaç etkileşimleri nedeniyle varfarin tedavisi klinik pratikte kısmen tercih edilen bir profilaksidir. Bu çalışmada seksen yaş üstü inme ...geçirmiş hastalarda varfarin kullanım sıklığını, olası yan etkileri ve tedavi kesilme nedenlerini araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kardiyoembolik inme tanısı ile 2014-2018 yılları arasında takip edilen, varfarin kullanan 80 yaş üstü 589 hastadan düzenli takibe gelen 189’u retrospektif olarak tespit edildi. Dosyalarından demografik/klinik/laboratuvar/radyolojik bilgileri, ilacı sürdürme ve bırakma nedenleri Excel formatında kayıt edildi.
Bulgular: Seksen sekizi kadın 189 hasta dahil edildi. Varfarin kullanım süresi ortalama 5,02±3,4 yıl (minimum 6 ay, maksimum 11 yıl) idi. Doksan dördünün varfarine bağlı (%49,7) yan etki ve/veya sosyal nedenlerle son 2 yıl içinde yeni oral antikoagülanlara tedavisi değiştirilmişken, 90’ı varfarinle düzenli takipteydi (%47,6). İlaç kesimine neden olan en sık yan etki gastrointestinal (GİS) kanama (%41,4) iken, GİS semptomları için en önemli risk faktörü antihiperlipidemik ilaçlardı (p=0,001). Düzensiz hipertansiyon ise kanama yan etkisini tetikleyen en önemli risk faktörü olarak izlendi (p=0,001). Majör kanama yan etkisi ile ilişkili ortalama uluslararası normalleştirilmiş oran (INR) düzeyi 3,8±1,3 idi. INR düzeyi 2,5 ve üstü olan hastalarda diğer INR değerlerine göre anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla ilaca bağlı yan etkiler (periferik ödem, diyare, nefes darlığı, baş ağrısı, sersemlik hissi) görüldü (p=0,003).
Sonuç: İleri yaş inmeli hastalarda antihiperlipidemik tedaviler başta olmak üzere gereksiz ilaç kullanımından kaçınmak; sadece yaşa bağımlı kalmayarak hastanın ihtiyaç duyduğu profilaksiye ulaşmasını sağlamak önemlidir.
The aim of this study was to determine bacterial biodiversity of industrial soils from Aydın and Trabzon Province using morphological, cultural, biochemical and molecular methods. Factory wastes, ...detergents, pesticides and gasoline are accepted as pollutants to the environment. In this study a total of 65 samples which can tolerate xylene, acetone, chloroform and methanol were acquired. According to the Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology morphological, cultural and biochemical tests, 48 of these samples were found to be Bacillus sp. and 17 of them were found to be Pseudomonas sp. For molecular identification 16S rDNA-PCR method was used. Seven different genera and a total of sixteen species were found as a result of the study.
Lubricin, encoded by the proteoglycan 4 (
) gene, is mainly responsible for lubricating joints. However, there is expanding evidence on its involvement in inflammatory pathways. Juvenile idiopathic ...arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of chronic arthritides with an unknown origin in children aged below 16 years. It is characterized by chronic joint inflammation, including synovial inflammation, and may result in cartilage destruction. We aimed to determine whether serum lubricin levels are affected in JIA patients.
This cross-sectional study included children diagnosed with JIA and 28 healthy controls. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of remission at the time of study. Lubricin protein analysis was performed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Serum samples were obtained at the study enrollment, and lubricin levels were measured once, and compared between JIA patients and healthy controls, and between JIA patients with active disease and remission.
The study included 52 JIA patients (28 female, 24 male) and 28 healthy controls (18 female, 10 males). The mean age at study enrollment was 11.66 ±4.41 years and 12.72 ±4.52 years in the JIA patient and control groups, respectively. Although median serum lubricin level did not differ between JIA patients (median: 0.66 ng/μl, range: 0.02-3.85 ng/μl) and healthy controls (median: 0.52 ng/μl, range: 0.06-3.84 ng/μl), it was statistically significantly higher in patients with active disease (median: 1.58 ng/μ, range: 0.08-3.85 ng/μl) than both patients in remission (median: 0.57 ng/μl, range: 0.02-3.57 ng/μl) and healthy controls. A low degree positive correlation was also found between serum lubricin levels and erythroid sedimentation rate of the JIA patients (
= 0.383 and
= 0.011).
This is the first study investigating serum lubricin levels in JIA patients, and we found elevated serum lubricin levels in JIA patients with active disease. Further studies are needed to clarify our results.
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a common ingredient of disinfectants used for industrial, medical, food safety and domestic applications. It is a common pollutant detected in surface and wastewaters ...to induce adverse effects on Human health as well as aquatic and terrestrial life forms. Since disinfectant use is essential in combatting against microorganisms, the best approach to reduce ecotoxicity level is to restrict BAC use. We report here that encapsulation of BAC in mesoporous silica nanoparticles can provide an efficient strategy for inhibition of microbial activity with lower than usual concentrations of disinfectants. As a proof-of-concept, Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanomaterial encapsulated BAC. Aptamer molecular gate structures provided a specific targeting of the disinfectant to Listeria cells, leading to high BAC concentrations around bacterial cells, but significantly reduced amounts in total. This strategy allowed to inhibition of BAC resistant Listeria strains with 8 times less the usual disinfectant dose. BAC encapsulated and aptamer functionalized silica nanoparticles (AptBACNP) effectively killed only target bacteria L. monocytogenes, but not the non-target cells, Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli. AptBACNP was not cytotoxic to Human cells as determined by in vitro viability assays.
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•Targeted benzalkonium chloride reduces MIC values for resistant Listeria strains.•Mesoporous silica and aptamers gates can be used for efficient targeted disinfection.•Targeted benzalkonium chloride is not cytotoxic when delivered in silica nanoparticles.
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome, caused by biallelic pathogenic mutations in the PRG4 gene, is characterized by early-onset camptodactyly, noninflammatory ...arthropathy, coxa vara deformity, and rarely, pericardial effusion. Herein, we report 3 patients with CACP syndrome from 2 unrelated families. All patients are female, born to consanguineous parents, and had camptodactyly since the first years of their lives. Two patients had a prior diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Hip changes were present in 2 patients, and 2 of 3 patients had undergone surgery for camptodactyly. Routine echocardiographic evaluations were normal during the 2-year follow-up. This paper represents the third study including CACP patients from Turkey. Clinically, all 3 patients resembled juvenile idiopathic arthritis cases and received unnecessary medication. There is also an ongoing need for improving awareness of CACP and an effective treatment focusing on the lubrication of the joint space in CACP patients.
Three-dimensional (3-D) virtual worlds differ from other learning environments in their similarity to real life, providing opportunities for more effective communication and interaction. With these ...features, 3-D virtual worlds possess considerable potential to enhance learning opportunities. For effective learning, the users' motivation levels and social presence are important. In this study, the motivation and social presence levels of 42 prospective teachers in Turkey were measured as they engaged in an Open Simulator 3-D virtual world using an Open Sim platform. Related factors affecting motivation and social presence levels were also examined. An explanatory mixed method design was used in this study. Interviews and three different questionnaires were employed. The quantitative results show that the motivation and social presence levels of the participants were high. The qualitative results also revealed several pertinent factors that are related to motivation and social presence. These factors, which include the particular environment and participant satisfaction, clearly affected motivation while the participants were learning new information. Other factors, such as being relaxed, effective communications, and not feeling lonely in the environment affected the social presence measures. Lastly, the participants perceived the environment as warm and sociable. The results suggest that these factors should be taken into account when 3-D virtual learning environments are being designed. Author abstract, ed
M30 and M65 levels reflect tumor cell activity in patients with epithelial cancer. Cytokeratin 18 is one of the cell skeletal elements. M30 is a apoptotic marker of cytokeratin 18. M65 levels are ...both an apoptosis and a necrosis marker. The aim of our study was to determine the predictive value of M30 and M65 levels in neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
In this prospective study, 41 patients with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. Following 4 cycles of chemotherapy with anthracycline containing regimen, patients received paclitaxel treatment for 12 weeks. Blood was collected from the patients before chemotherapy and on day 21, after the 2nd, 4th, and 8th cycles. M30 and M65 levels were measured with the ELISA method.
While there was an increase in M30 and M65 levels at the 4th cycle (P < 0.05), levels were decreased after the 8th cycle. In addition, there was no significant relationship among M30, M65 levels, and prognostic factors such as ER, PR, c-Erb-2, Ki-67, pathologic-T, pathologic-N, and chemotherapy responses.
M30 and M65 levels are not of predictive values of response to breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nevertheless, M30 and M65 levels increased when patients kept receiving anthracycline containing chemotherapy.
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