Conventional analyses of labor market fluctuations ascribe a minor role to labor force participation. We show, by contrast, that flows-based analyses imply that the participation margin accounts for ...around one-third of unemployment fluctuations. A novel stock-flow apparatus establishes these facts, delivering three further contributions. First, the role of the participation margin appears robust to adjustments for spurious transitions induced by reporting error. Second, conventional stocks-based analyses are subject to a stock-flow fallacy, neglecting offsetting forces of worker flows on the participation rate. Third, increases in labor force attachment among the unemployed during recessions are a leading explanation for the role of the participation margin.
•Labor force participation flows account for 1/3 of unemployment fluctuations.•Spurious transitions induced by reporting error do not appear to drive the result.•Conventional stocks-based analyses miss the result due to a stock-flow fallacy.•Countercyclical labor force attachment among the unemployed is a key explanation
Mismatch unemployment Sahin, Aysegül; Song, Joseph; Topa, Giorgio ...
The American economic review,
11/2014, Letnik:
104, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We develop a framework where mismatch between vacancies and job seekers across sectors translates into higher unemployment by lowering the aggregate job-finding rate. We use this framework to measure ...the contribution of mismatch to the recent rise in US unemployment by exploiting two sources of cross-sectional data on vacancies, JOLTS and HWOL. Our calculations indicate that mismatch, across industries and three-digit occupations, explains at most one-third of the total observed increase in the unemployment rate. Occupational mismatch has become especially more severe for college graduates, and in the West of the United States. Geographical mismatch unemployment plays no apparent role.
From the perspective of a wide range of labor market outcomes, the recession that began in 2007 represents the deepest downturn in the postwar era. Early on, the nature of labor market adjustment ...displayed a notable resemblance to that observed in past severe downturns. During the latter half of 2009, however, the path of adjustment exhibited important departures from that seen during and after prior deep recessions. Recent data point to two warning signs going forward. First, the record rise in long-term unemployment may yield a persistent residue of long-term unemployed workers with weak search effectiveness. Second, conventional estimates suggest that the extension of Emergency Unemployment Compensation may have led to a modest increase in unemployment. Despite these forces, we conclude that the problems facing the U.S. labor market are unlikely to be as severe as the European unemployment problem of the 1980s.
Purpose
To determine the relationship between attitude towards nursing diagnosis, critical thinking motivation, and problem‐solving skills of nursing students during distance learning.
Method
The ...descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 450 first‐year nursing students from four universities. The “Positions on Nursing Diagnosis Scale,” “Critical Thinking Motivational Scale,” and “Problem Solving Inventory” were used for data collection in June–July 2021.
Findings
The students’ mean score of nursing diagnosis perception was 114.90 ± 18.47, the score for expectancy main subdimension of critical thinking motivation was 4.17 ± 1.16 and the score for value main subdimension was 4.81 ± 1.12, and score for problem‐solving skills was 90.65 ± 19.03. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between nursing diagnosis perception and subdimension of critical thinking motivation scores (p < 0.001) and problem‐solving skills score (p < 0.001). The linear regression model established to examine the effect of other scales on nursing diagnosis perception was found to be statistically significant (F = 17.516, p < 0.001). As the expectancy score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score increases 3.452 times (p = 0.001), the cost score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score increases by 3.894 (p = 0.001), and the problemsolving skills score increases by one unit, the perception of nursing diagnosis score decreases by 0.246 (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
To conclude that nursing diagnosis perception, critical thinking motivation, and problem‐solving skills of nursing students were high and have a relationship with each other during distance education. As nursing diagnosis perception scores of students increase, their critical thinking motivation and problem‐solving skills also increase.
Implications for Nursing Practice
The high skills of critical thinking and problem solving have an important place effectively to identify the nursing diagnosis more quickly and easily in the nursing care process.
We develop a simple model featuring search frictions and a nondegenerate labor supply decision along the extensive margin. The model is a standard version of the neoclassical growth model with ...indivisible labor and idiosyncratic productivity shocks and frictions characterized by employment loss and employment opportunity arrival shocks. We argue that it is able to account for the key features of observed labor market flows for reasonable parameter values. Persistent idiosyncratic productivity shocks play a key role in allowing the model to match the persistence of the employment and out of the labor force states found in individual labor market histories.
Aim: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a frequent health problem in premature infants. Pharmacologic closure is recommended only for hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) that is defined according ...to the clinical and echocardiographic criteria. The aim of this study was to explore the value of commonly used criteria in defining hsPDA and predicting the required number of courses of ibuprofen treatment to close PDA in premature infants. Methods: Sixty premature infants with a gestational age of ≤33 weeks were evaluated prospectively. Clinical and echocardiographic criteria O2 requirement, ductus diameter (DD) and left atrial-to-aortic root diameter ratio (LA:Ao) were used to define hsPDA. Clinical improvement after pharmacologic closure of PDA and association between the criteria and required number of ibuprofen courses were investigated. Results: O2 requirement decreased by PDA closure but was not different between patients with hsPDA and the others with PDA. Also, O2 requirement was not found to be associated with required number of ibuprofen courses. DD and LA:Ao were greater in patients with hsPDA. DD was found to be associated with required number of courses of ibuprofen treatment. Conclusion: Although there was an improvement in O2 requirement with PDA closure, echocardiographic criteria were found to be more valuable in defining hsPDA. DD should also be used to estimate the duration of treatment.
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