The use of green extraction methods that meet the criteria of sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies has been increasing in recent decades due to their many benefits. In this respect, ...extracts obtained using subcritical water are also gaining increased attention because of their potential antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Their antimicrobial activity is mainly due to the presence of various polyphenolic compounds. Although the exact mechanism of the antibacterial action of polyphenolic compounds has not yet been fully investigated and described, polyphenols are known to affect the bacterial cell at several cellular levels; among other things, they cause changes and ruptures in the cell membranes of the bacterial cell, affect the inactivation of bacterial enzymes and damage bacterial DNA. The difference in the strength of the antimicrobial activity of the extracts is most likely a result of differences in their lipophilicity and in the number and position of hydroxyl groups and double bonds in the chemical structure of polyphenols. By changing the extraction conditions, especially the temperature, during subcritical water extraction, we affect the solubility of the compounds we want to extract. In general, as the temperature increases, the solubility of polyphenolic compounds also increases, and the reduction of the surface tension of subcritical water at higher temperatures also enables faster dissolution of polyphenolic compounds. Different bacterial strains have different sensitivity to different extracts. However, extracts obtained with subcritical water extraction demonstrate strong antimicrobial activity compared to extracts obtained with conventional methods.
V prispevku prikazujemo primer nepojasnjeno povišane aktivnosti aspartat aminotransferaze (AST). AST je encim, ki se nahaja v številnih tkivih, zato je serumska aktivnost tega encima lahko povišana ...pri različnih boleznih. Pri izoliranem povišanju AST smo zato postavljeni pred diagnostični izziv, ki zahteva, da izključimo številne bolezni. Če jih z veliko verjetnostjo izključimo, govorimo o nepojasnjenem povišanju aktivnosti AST. Izsledki nekaterih raziskav so pokazali, da lahko del povišanja pojasnimo z makroencimi, točneje z makro AST. Tudi v prikazanem primeru smo postavili sum, da je povišana aktivnost AST posledica makro AST. Ker v laboratoriju Univerzitetnega kliničnega centra Ljubljana določitev makro AST ni mogoča, diagnoze nismo niti potrdili niti ovrgli.
Izhodišče: Zadosten vnos hranil je v otroštvu izrednega pomena. V nekaterih primerih hranjenje in pitje preko ust ni mogoče oziroma ne zadosti potrebam po hranilih pri otroku. Če napoved izida ...bolezni ni ugodna in bo otrok predvidoma več kot štiri tedne odvisen od enteralnega hranjenja, je smiselna vstavitev perkutane endoskopske gastrostome (PEG), ki omogoča stalen enteralni dostop. Metode: Raziskava je bila retrospektivna. Pregledali smo zdravstveno dokumentacijo otrok, ki smo jim vstavili PEG v obdobju od maja 2011 do maja 2019. Rezultati: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 124 otrok, od tega 64 (51,6 %) fantov. Srednja starost ob vstavitvi PEG je bila 42 mesecev. Večina otrok (91,9 %) je pred vstavitvijo PEG prejela odmerek antibiotika. Veliko večino otrok (96 %) smo po PEG začeli hraniti 24 ur po vstavitvi PEG. 57,3 % otrok, ki smo jim vstavili PEG, je imelo nevrološko bolezen. V povprečju smo primarno gastrostomo zamenjali z nizkoprofilno gastrostomo po petih mesecih. V enem letu po vstavitvi PEG so otroci pridobili telesno maso (v povprečju 3 kg). Od 124 otrok, ki so bili vključeni v raziskavo, je 96 (77,4 %) otrok razvilo enega ali več zapletov, povezanih s PEG. Večina zapletov je bila lažjih oziroma prehodnih. Zaključek: Glede na podatke otrok, ki smo jim v zadnjih 8 letih vstavili PEG na otroški kliniki, lahko zaključimo, da je vstavitev hranilne cevke na endoskopski način varna in učinkovita metoda za zagotavljanje dolgotrajne enteralne prehrane pri kronično bolnih otrocih.
V prispevku prikazujemo primer akutnega pankreatitisa in hepatitisa ob okužbi z virusom influence B pri otroku. Ob iskanju etiološkega vzroka prizadetosti obeh organov smo z veliko verjetnostjo ...izključili najpogostejše vzroke, kot so žolčni kamni, zdravila, hepatotropni virusi in nekatere avtoimunske bolezni, ter zaključili, da gre za vnetje trebušne slinavke in jeter, povzročeno z virusom influence B. S predstavljenim primerom želimo opozoriti na možnost pojava hepatitisa in pankreatitisa pri okužbi z virusom influence.
We present a case of cryptogenic elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity. AST is an enzyme found in many tissues, so the serum activity of this enzyme may be elevated in various ...diseases. If there is an isolated increase in AST, we are therefore faced with a diagnostic challenge and many diseases must be ruled out. When most diseases have been ruled out with a high probability, it is referred to as a cryptogenic increase in AST activity. Some studies have shown that part of this increase can be explained by macroenzymes, more specifically by macro - AST. In the case presented, we also suspected that the increased AST activity was due to macro - AST. As the determination of macro - AST is not possible in the laboratory of the University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, it has not been possible to confirm or refute the diagnosis.
We present a case of acute pancreatitis and hepatitis caused by influenza B virus infection in a child. In the search for the aetiology of the impairment of the two organs, we ruled out the most ...common causes of acute pancreatitis and hepatitis such as gallstones, drugs, hepatotropic viruses, and some autoimmune diseases. We concluded that in this case, inflammation of the pancreas and liver was caused by the influenza B virus. With the presentation of this case, we want to draw attention to the possibility of hepatitis and pancreatitis being caused by the influenza virus.
We present data from six years (January 2016–December 2021) of monitoring the isotope composition of precipitation at the Sv. Urban station in Eastern Slovenia. The 68 precipitation samples were ...collected as a monthly composite. The complete dataset (193 data pints) includes information on the stable isotope composition of hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) and tritium activity concentration (A), obtained using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and liquid scintillation counting (LSC) following electrolytic enrichment (EE), respectively. The isotope data, together with meteorological data, are reported. Calculations of the deuterium excess (d-excess), monthly, seasonal, and annual unweighted and precipitation-weighted means and local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) were conducted. The mean values for δ2H, δ18O, d-excess, and A, weighted by precipitation, were −59.9‰, −8.81‰, 10.6‰, and 7.7 TU. The disparities between unweighted and precipitation-weighted δ2H, δ18O, d-excess, A, and LMWLs underscore the significance of non-uniformly distributed precipitation. Annual variations in slope and intercept of the LMWLs emphasize the importance of longer data records (48+ months) to capture consistent trends, while combining data over longer periods may distort accuracy due to distinct isotope differences between individual years related to the variability of climate conditions typical for Slovenia.
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