The Genus Fragaria in Croatia Dujmović Purgar, Dubravka; Duralija, Boris; Vokurka, Aleš ...
Erwerbsobstbau,
09/2017, Letnik:
59, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Only three native species of genus
Fragaria
(
F. moschata, F. vesca
and
F. viridis
) are recorded in three regions of Croatia. These species as well as many of their hybrids, are, or once were, ...cultivated for their edible fruits. The majority of cultivated strawberries in Europe belong to garden strawberries
F.
x
ananassa
(hybrids of
F. chiloensis
and
F. virginiana
). The most expanded wild strawberry species in Croatia is a woodland strawberry (
F. vesca
) whose berries are gathered seasonally as wild edible fruits. They often contain higher amount of nutrients and bioactive compounds in comparison to cultivated varieties. The research on the genus
Fragaria
species distribution in Croatia has not been carried out, and so is the case with many others wild growing fruit species in Croatia. By summing up a number of individual citations and observations, it is possible to get a perspective regarding the current state of their distribution.
The ornamental plant market is short on supply of flowering species during the late autumn and winter period, and demand increases during the Christmas holidays. Cultivation of cold-resistant ...geophytes that spent the summer dormant and formed flower buds for the next season is relatively simple and falls at a time when protected areas for seasonal production are not used to their maximum capacity. The aim of this paper is to explain the life cycle of geophytes that form flowers during the summer, and the procedures for obtaining flowering potted plants for the late autumn and winter period when there is a lack of such species on the market. Using the example of hyacinths and daffodils, as species that are represented in greater numbers on the European market, and which spend an apparent rest during the summer, the procedure of pre-treatment with cold and cultivation in a protected area for the production of flowering potted plants as well as plants for cutting is explained
Cyclamen are mainly used as plant species for interior decoration. The aim of this work is to show the taxonomic affiliation and origin of cyclamen, its’ morphology, the method of cultivation, the ...possibilities of implementation so as care and maintenance. The genus Cyclamen belongs to the Primulaceae family. The most commercially important species is Cyclamen persicum Mill. which originates from the far east of the Mediterranean. It is grown from seed, in partial shade, at temperatures of 18-20 °C and with 50-70% relative humidity. A constant but moderate level of nutrients is needed, which should be adapted to the growth of the plant. Although cyclamen are used as indoor potted plants, they are more suitable for use in conditions of lower temperatures, so they are ideal for use on cold verandas and staircases, glazed entrance areas. They can also be used as a cut flower. By combining different cultivars with longer and shorter growing seasons, we try to supply the market with cyclamen from the beginning of autumn to the end of winter.
Due to climate extremes and limited natural resources, especially water, we can expect increased demand in the future for species that can better tolerate climate extremes such as drought. One ...potentially valuable horticultural species is the endemic species of the Dinaride Mountains Micromeria croatica (Pers.) Schott (family Lamiaceae). It grows in the crevices of carbonate rocks, extending from an altitude of 150 m to more than 2000 m. This study aims to provide additional insight into the genetic and morphological diversity of this endemic species, focusing on valuable horticultural traits. To achieve this goal, morphological and molecular analyses were performed on ten natural populations. Through STRUCTURE and PCoA analyses, ten M. croatica populations were placed into western and eastern genetic groups, with several individuals from western populations assigned to the eastern group and vice versa. These atypical individuals assigned to the new genetic group by BAPS analysis indicate gene flow between western and eastern populations. Similarly, an analysis of molecular variance revealed fewer genetic differences than within studied populations. Both PCA and CANDISC analysis based on eleven morphological traits largely confirmed the existence of two slightly different genetic groups. Two populations containing plants with the most flowers per shoot, one with white-flowered individuals, one with the roundest leaves, and one with the narrowest leaves proved to be the most horticulturally valuable. The genetic and morphological variability found should be a sufficient basis for the potential selection of M. croatica populations and individuals for horticultural purposes.
Sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) blooms in continental climate conditions in early spring (March-April) with delicate flowers of attractive scent because of which it is frequently gathered from its ...natural habitats. Differences among the populations were established according to their morphological properties of twelve populations from Križevci area. Stated information indicates that the populations gathered from meadow – habitat are shorter and have a smaller diameter than the populations gathered from the habitat in forest, whereas the population from the orchards has the highest number of leaves and flowers. Correlation analysis shows strong (P<0.01) positive connection of the root mass, leaves mass, number of leaves with the total mass of the plants, as well as connection of the plant mass with the number of flowers. Chemical analysis established agrochemical soil properties and nutrient concentrations in plants. Correlations between the examined properties of violets and soil properties indicate that the potassium concentration in the roots is in strong (P <0.01) correlation with potassium in the soil, whereas phosphorus concentration in flower is in a considerably strong (P<0.05) positive correlation with the phosphorus in the soil.
Crni kim (Nigella sativa L.) posljednjih godina privlači sve veću pažnju znanstvenika zbog ljekovitih i aromatskih svojstva, te ukrasne vrijednosti. Skromni agrotehnički zahtjevi, otpornost na ...bolesti i štetnike te višestruka namjena čini ovu vrstu potencijalno isplativom za uvođenje u poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. Cilj ovog istraživanja je prikazati taksonomsku pripadnost, morfološka svojstva, upotrebnu vrijednost i tehnologiju uzgoja crnog kima. Rod Nigella je mali rod unutar porodice žabnjaka (Ranunculaceae Juss.), a predstavnici roda su jednogodišnje vrste kratke vegetacije rasprostranjene na području Euroazije, Sjeverne Afrike, istočnog Sredozemlja i Bliskog Istoka. Najpoznatiji predstavnik roda je crni kim (Nigella sativa L.) koji se zbog ljekovitih svojstava komercijalno uzgaja u Turskoj, Indiji, Pakistanu i Jordanu. U Europi sve više raste upotreba sjemena i ulja, ali nema komercijalne proizvodnje zbog nedovoljno istraženih uvjeta uzgoja. U klimatskim uvjetima sjeverozapadne Hrvatske sjetvom u proljetnom roku i gnojidbom dušikom i fosforom postignuti su zadovoljavajući prinosi sjemena čime se otvara put uzgoju ove vrste u komercijalne svrhe, ali potrebno je provesti dodatna istraživanja da bi se točno definirala tehnologija uzgoja na našim prostorima.
In recent years black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) has been attracting increasing attention of scientists due to its medicinal and aromatic properties, as well as its decorative value. Modest agrotechnical requirements, resistance to diseases and pests and multiple uses make this species potentially profitable for introduction into agricultural production. The aim of this research is to present the taxonomic affiliation, morphological properties, use value and technology of black cumin cultivation. The genus Nigella is a small genus within the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae Juss.), whereas representatives of the genus are annual species of short vegetation distributed in Eurasia, North Africa, the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East. The most famous representative of the genus is black cumin (Nigella sativa L.), which is commercially grown in Turkey, India, Pakistan and Jordan due to its medicinal properties. The use of seeds and oil is growing in Europe, but there is no commercial production due to insufficiently researched growing conditions. In the climatic conditions of northwestern Croatia, satisfactory seed yields were achieved by spring sowing and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, which opens the possibility for commercial cultivation of this species, but additional research is needed in order to accurately define cultivation technology in our area.
Školski vrtovi trebali bi proizaći iz sredine u kojoj se nalaze. Predstavljaju mjesta koja služe za boravak učenika u slobodno vrijeme, ali su pogodni i za proučavanje brojnih sadržaja vezanih uz ...nastavu i izvannastavne aktivnosti. Izuzetno je važno kod učenika razvijati pozitivne psihofizičke osobine, poticati usvajanje novih znanja i vještina u zdravom okruženju. Ovakav pristup učenju i ulozi okoliša u odgoju, trebao bi pobuditi interes za prirodu i stvoriti čim ranije što intimniju vezu učenika i prirode.
Pregledom literature i arhivske građe te intervjuiranjem starijih stanovnika sakupljeni su podaci o biljnim vrstama koje su se nekad tradicionalno uzgajale u vrtovima na području općine Rugvica. Ti podaci, zajedno s podacima o prisutnosti biljnih vrsta školskog dvorišta, poslužili su kao temelj preporuka za odabir vrsta za uređenje okoliša škole. Pomoću literature određena je taksonomska pripadnost, životni oblik i porijeklo inventariziranih vrsta te je predložen niz vrtlarskih aktivnosti primjerenih djeci nižih razreda. Na području općine Rugvica u prošlosti se živjelo od poljoprivrede, a uz kuće su se nalazili povrtnjaci i voćnjaci. Na okućnicama je bilo i raznolikog ukrasnog bilja. U vrtu OŠ Rugvica determinirano je 17 biljnih porodica i 28 vrsta. Porodice s najvećim brojem vrsta su Pinaceae i Lamiaceae. U vrtu se nalaze i zanimljivi detalji (sjenica, meteorološka kućica, viseći vrt). Za dodavanje sadržaja vrtu predložene su povrtna, voćna, začinsko-ljekovita i tradicijska cvjetna gredica te je osmišljen cjelogodišnji program radionica za djecu za koje bi se materijali uglavnom mogli naći u školskom vrtu i bližem okolišu.
School gardens should come out from the environment in which they are located. There, pupils should spend their free time, but they should be suitable for studying numerous contents related to curricular and extracurricular activities as well. It is extremely important for students to develop positive psychophysical characteristics, encourage the acquisition of new knowledge and skills in a healthy environment. Such approach in learning and the environmental role in education should arouse interest in the natural and create as intimate a connection between students and nature as possible. By reviewing the literature and archives and interviewing elderly residents, data were collected on plant species that were once traditionally grown in gardens in the municipality of Rugvica. The field visit listed the plant species of the school yard, and the literature determined the taxonomic affiliation, life form and origin. Based on the results of the interview and inventory, species for arranging the school environment were proposed, and with the help of the literature, an overview of gardening activities suitable for lower grade children was given. In the area of Rugvica, in the past, people lived from agriculture, and next to the houses there were vegetable gardens and orchards. There were also a variety of ornamental plants in the backyards. In the garden of the elementary school Rugvica, 17 plant families and 28 species were determined. The families with the largest number of species are Pinaceae and Lamiaceae. In the garden there are also interesting details (gazebo, meteorological house, hanging garden). To add content to the garden, vegetable, fruit, spice-medicinal and traditional flower beds have been proposed, and a year-round program of workshops has been designed for which materials could most often be found in the school garden and the surrounding area
Biostimulants are (non-nutrient) substances or microorganisms that improve plant nutrition processes and help reduce the effects of stress caused by abiotic and biotic influences. They can be ...microbial (beneficial bacteria and fungi) and non-microbial (humic acids, amino acids, seaweed extracts, chitosan and inorganic biostimulants). Through their various mechanisms of action, biostimulants enhance the efficiency of nutrient utilization, the stress resistance of plants and have a positive effect on the qualitative characteristics of plants. Due to the limitation of applicable pesticides and fertilizers, biostimulants are also a part of the alternative solutions.
The green infrastructure of Zagreb’s Lower Town is made up of row-planted trees and green spaces within blocks of buildings. All schools are surrounded by green spaces that have a positive impact on ...the environment. Although most green spaces contribute to improving the quality of life, they also contain toxic and allergenic species which are potentially hazardous, particularly to children. This paper aims to make an inventory of plant species in the environment of primary schools in Zagreb’s Lower Town district, and to determine the presence of toxic and allergenic species. The field research was conducted from March to the end of May 2021 at 7 primary school locations. 13 either annual or biennial plant families were catalogued. In total, 34 species of herbaceous perennials and geophytes, and 36 species of trees from 17 plant families were listed. A total of 38 species of shrubs and climbers were found. Also, a total of 35 poisonous and 28 allergenic plant taxa are planted in the green spaces surrounding primary schools. The most common poisonous species found are
and
, and
, a highly poisonous species, was also found. No moderately poisonous species have been found at all. As far as allergenic species are concerned, school environments are dominated by those that produce low and moderate levels of pollen concentration in the air. Species that produce high levels of pollen concentration (e.g.,
,
, etc.) are the least represented ones, while species that produce a very high concentration of pollen have not been recorded in any of the localities.
Tradicijske cvjetne vrste uz povrtne, aromatične i ljekovite biljke bile su važni stanovnici tradicijskih seoskih vrtova. Tijekom 20. stoljeća, promjenom životnih navika seoskog stanovništava, ...počinje izumiranje tradicijskih seoskih vrtova a s njima i tradicijskih cvjetnih vrsta. Danas vrtlari amateri pokušavaju obnoviti tradicijske seoske vrtove no najčešći rezultat su vrtovi bogati cvjetnim vrstama koje susrećemo u ponudi velikih trgovačkih lanaca, u maloprodaji i na tržnicama. Loša kvaliteta sjemena mogući je uzrok nestajanja tradicijskih cvjetnih vrsta. Proizvodnje sjemena cvjetnih vrsta u Hrvatskoj nema, ponuda je bazirana na uvozu sjemena čija kvaliteta prema Pravilniku o stavljanju na tržište poljoprivrednog reprodukcijskog materijala ukrasnog bilja NN 129/07 ne podliježe nikakvoj kontroli. Na 18 uzoraka sjemena deset cvjetnih vrsta uvezenih 2011/12: Ageratum hosutonianum, Calistephus chinensis, Cosmos bipinatus, Dahlia pinata, Impatiens walleriana, Lavandula officinalis, Lobelia erenis, Tagetes patula, Verbrena×hybrida, Zinia elegans ispitana je energija klijanja, klijavost i zdravstveno stanje sjemena, prema ISTA međunarodnim metodama ispitivanja. Ispitivani uzorak je osim tradiconalnih cvjetnih vrsta obuhvatio i nekoliko komercijalnih cvjetnih vrsta. Nicanje u kontejnerima, rast u cvjetnim posudama i boja cvjetova ispitivani su na osam cvjetnih vrsta: Ageratum hosutonianum, Dahlia – mini, Impatiens walleriana, Lavandula officinalis, Lobelia erinus, Tagetes patula, Verbena × hybrida i Zinnia elegans. Klijavost većine ispitivanih tradicionalnih cvjetnih vrsta bila je ispod 50%, dok je kod komercijalnih cvjetnih vrsta bila nešto viša. Najčešće bolesti na sjemenu su: Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp. i Verticillium sp., a zaraze ovim bolestima su na nekim uzorcima iznad 40 %. Nicanje u kontejnerima loše je kod uzoraka koji imaju nisku energiju klijanja. Boje cvjetova različite su od boja na vrećicama sjemena. Loša kvaliteta sjemena, loše nicanje u kontejnerima, nepodudarnost boje cvjetova i visine biljaka s navodima na pakiranju glavni su uzroci nestajanja tradicijskih cvjetnih vrsta. Vrtlari amateri sjeme uglavnom kupuju u maloprodaji no zbog loše kvalitete odustaju od sjetve i uzgoja tradicijskih cvjetnih vrsta. Nestajanjem tradicijskih cvjetnih vrsta nestaju i tradicijski seoski vrtovi.
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