Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is one of the most critical public health challenges humanity is facing. In our country, infections caused by AMR bacteria, such as multidrug-resistant ...Gram-negative rods and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, are spreading without effective treatment options, leading to the increasing complexity of bacterial infections. Given this context, there is a strong need to establish efficient treatment strategies for AMR bacterial infections. Understanding the impact of patient background factors and disease pathophysiology on treatment outcomes is crucial for advancing personalized medicine in infectious diseases and selecting more effective treatment options. However, this aspect remains insufficiently elucidated at present. In recent years, medical big data analysis has made it possible to conduct clinical evaluations of drug treatments that reflect real-world clinical settings, encompassing diverse patient populations, and various factors, and such analyses have commenced across various diseases. We are conducting research to comprehensively explore factors and drug interactions that influence the efficacy of infectious disease treatments using medical big data, which encompasses the diversity and complexity of diseases. To establish a system for conducting rapid clinical research during future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, it is desirable to establish an analysis platform utilizing big medical data.
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a typical drug that causes drug-induced hearing loss. CDDP is taken up into the inner ear cells via the organic cation transporter (OCT)2 and is thought to be cytotoxic, but the ...details are unknown. In this study, we searched for preventive drugs against CDDP-induced hearing loss using medical data and evaluated the efficacy of the preventive drugs found. Imbalance analysis was performed using data from FAERS, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System, and VigiBase, the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse event reporting database, to identify candidate preventive drugs based on the reported odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of “hearing impairment” with CDDP use. Based on the analysis of both databases, the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist palonosetron was selected as a candidate for preventive drugs for CDDP-induced hearing loss. CDDP (15 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally twice to mice and the auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured 3 days after the last dose. Palonosetron (15 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before each dose of CDDP. CDDP administration to mice caused significant hearing loss at 8, 16, and 32 kHz frequencies. In contrast, palonosetron significantly suppressed hearing impairment at all frequencies. These results suggest that palonosetron may be a useful preventive drug against CDDP-induced hearing loss.