Gastric leiomyoma is the most common submucosal tumor of the stomach. Recent progress in diangostic techniques allows better diagnosis of gastric leiomyoma, but it is very difficult to diagnose the ...tumor in the case of invagination into the duodenal bulbus. We encountered a rare case of calcified leiomyoma at the upper body of the stomach, invaginating into the duodenal bulbus. A 46-year-old woman was hospitalized with acute epigastralgia and vomiting, so called “ball valve syndrome” an upper gastrointestinal series and gastrofiberscopy revealed a submucosal tumor at the upper body of the stomach invaginating into the duodenal bulbus. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a calcified spot in this tumor. Gastrectomy was performed. The histologic diagnosis was gastric leiomyoma.
Hypoxia often occurs in summer and causes deleterious effects on marine benthic animals. A marine annelid,
, is tolerant to hypoxia, as shown by the fact that it inhabits organically polluted areas, ...where severe hypoxia is often observed. To understand how this species adapts to the environment, we focused on its hypoxia sensor, and we showed that TRPAbasal was a possible contributor to hypoxia detection in
To examine the involvement of TRPA1 in the response of
to hypoxia, we exposed
to hypoxic water with or without a TRPA1-specific inhibitor, A-967079. Hypoxic stimulation induced escape behavior in
from the sediment, and this behavior was suppressed by the inhibitor. The cloned TRPA gene from
was phylogenetically categorized into
, and contains an oxygen-dependent degradation domain, which is important for the detection of hypoxia. Whole-mount
hybridization analysis showed that the gene was transcribed in the prostomium, where sensing functions are localized. These results suggested that the worm has a hypoxia-sensing system possibly utilizing CtTRPAbasal, and this system contributes to expanding the organism's niches in hypoxic environments by detecting whether hypoxia exceeds a level that would imperil its survival.
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