For patients who require physical therapy, compensatory movements can be considered necessary formovement. In exercise therapy, it is important to be able to perform normal movements without ...compensatorymovements. To this end, it is necessary to understand why compensatory movements occur, and it is importantto have a thorough understanding of the kinematics of normal movement.
In order to improve functional impairment, it is necessary to clarify the problem of impairment, and it is important to first address the major problem of impairment when conducting physical therapy. ...In addition, physical therapy for the improvement of impairment should be performed in a posture close to the basic movement that is the problematic disability.
To perform patient treatment in physical therapy, it is necessary to identify the problems correctly. The problems must be narrowed down to the impairments that can be understood from the physical ...therapy evaluation. To determine the impairment level, it is important that motion observation and motion analysis of the patient’s problems are performed correctly.
Self-training must be carried out for the purpose of deriving the correct problem by physical therapy evaluation and solving the problem. As, the physical therapist must be able to properly provide ...the necessary self-training for the patient himself. The physical therapist must also check whether the patient is properly performing self-training. We believe that proper self-training will help restore motor function.
This study examined the effects of motor imagery and real movement on the excitability of spinal nerve function and its impact on movement accuracy, for a specific image. Fifteen healthy adults (mean ...age, 25.9 years) participated in this study. They practiced adjusting their pinch force (motor practice) to 20% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Initially, the MVC of the participants was adjusted to 20% without visual feedback. Then, they performed three types of motor imagery tasks simultaneously with the real movement. After the motor practice and each imagery task, the subjects’ adjusted 20% MVC pinch forces were compared, and the rate of absolute error was calculated. The three tasks were: a free image task (Task 1), a force image task (Task 2), and a hand image task (Task 3). F-waves were recorded during the motor practice and Tasks 1–3. The F-waves and the rate of absolute error were significantly lower in Task 2 than in the motor practice. Concentrating on muscular sensory information promotes motor learning, while decreasing the rate of absolute error and suppressing F-waves.
The important points for improvement of functional impairment of the upper limb are clarification of the impairment level and identification of the tissue related to the impairment. Also, we have to ...estimate the impairment not only from the perspective of the upper limb, but also from a whole-body viewpoint including the trunk and lower limbs. This paper presents the author's approaches for improving functional impairment.
We performed physical therapy for a patient who presented with postural abnormalities as a symptom ofParkinson’s disease and who had pain in the right lateral shoulder when the right upper extremity ...was raisedand lowered. When the right shoulder joint was flexed while maintaining the right scapula elevated andadducted, pain occurred at about 70° and the movement was terminated. Even during the lowering motion,while maintaining the right scapula elevated and adducted, pain similar to that of the forward raising motionoccurred. The results of examination revealed decreased muscle tone in the left longest muscle and increasedmuscle tone in the left rectus abdominis muscle. In physical therapy, the patient practiced reaching movementsin a sitting position and pain was reduced during forward raising and lowering of the right upper extremity,leading to acquisition of movement.
In this paper, we describe palpation of the iliac and internal oblique muscles and the electrode positions usedfor surface electromyography measurement. Also, the activities of the iliac muscle and ...the internal obliquemuscle were measured using a surface electromyograph. We hope that this report will be of some help inphysical therapy assessments and treatments in clinical rehabilitation settings.
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