Abstract
The increasing of temperature with reduction of rainfall in dry season led to reduce water areas which cause reduce the cultivation areas in Iraq and other countries. Effecting of drought ...causing negative action on crop productivity. The irrigation water shortage will impact on crops by stress of water as well water decreasing will increase salt concentration that will increase the salt stress cause influence on yield of crops. This research will study of stress by decreasing of water (deficit irrigation) on production of okra crops with both use subsurface water retention techniques (SWRT) and without use SWRT, then estimation differences after that calculate affection of salt on crop. The research was done in Babylon governorate in Al-Hindiya Barrage. The treatments A1 used drip irrigation system with SWRT technique and used deficit irrigation in some times, while A2 used trickle irrigation without SWRT and use deficit irrigation in some times. The results of treatment A1 showed the amount of applying water reduced to 7% than A2. Whereas the number of irrigations of A1 equal to A2. The yield of crop of A1 was more than of A2 by 15 %. The actual yield of A1 was impacted by water stress and salt were 0.01 kg/m2 and 0.011 kg/m2 respectively. The actual yield of A2 which impacted by water stress and salt were 0.079 kg/m2 and 0.085 kg/m2, respectively. The yield in A1 with SWRT and without stress and the yield of A2 without SWRT and without stress showed percent of increasing of 2.3%. The SWRT technique helps to stress resistance and drought resistance by using okra of loam soil.
Objectives
This study was carried out to histologically assess the effect of bone grafting materials extracted from bovine origin on the bone healing process either alone or when mixed with ...autologous platelet-rich plasma which could be used in many procedures of oral and maxillofacial bone and implant reconstructive surgery.
Materials and methods
Sixteen rabbits were used; three intrabony defects in the femur bone of each rabbit were created, one left unfilled for normal healing process and served as control, the second filled with xenogenic graft (Gen-Ox-lyophilized bovine bone organic matrix), and the third filled with(Gen-Ox-lyophilized bovine bone organic matrix) mixed with autologous platelet-rich plasma . Histological examination of the sections was performed after staining with H&E and Van Geison stains. The histomorphometric analysis including counting of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts) with performance of osteon diameter and lamellar thickness at the end of the fourth week postoperatively was obtained.
Results
It has been shown that with the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in combination with the xenogenic bone graft prepared from bovine origin, new bone formation and neovascularization were enhanced significantly when compared with xenogenic graft alone.
Conclusion
The addition of PRP to xenogenic bone substitute in small bone defects of the rabbit femur showed a histomorphometric increase in bone formation (at the fourth week of healing).
Clinical relevance
Platelet concentrate might be used to accelerate the osseointegration of enosseous dental implants.
activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS) plays a key role in schizophrenia (SCZ) and treatment resistant SCZ. There are only a ...few data on immune and endogenous opioid system (EOS) interactions in SCZ and treatment resistant SCZ.
we examined serum β-endorphin, endomorphin-2 (EM2), mu-opioid (MOR) and kappa-opioid (KOR) receptors, and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in 60 non responders to treatment (NRTT), 55 partial RTT (PRTT) and 43 normal controls.
serum EM2, KOR, MOR, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly increased in SCZ as compared with controls. β-endorphin, EM2, MOR and IL-6 were significantly higher in NRTT than in PRTT. There were significant correlations between IL-6, on the one hand, and β-endorphin, EM2, KOR, and MOR, on the other, while IL-10 was significantly correlated with MOR only. A large part of the variance in negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, psychomotor retardation and formal thought disorders was explained by the combined effects of EM2 and MOR with or without IL-6 while increased KOR was significantly associated with all symptom dimensions. Increased MOR, KOR, EM2 and IL-6 were also associated with neurocognitive impairments including in episodic, semantic and working memory and executive functions.
the EOS contributes to SCZ symptomatology, neurocognitive impairments and a non-response to treatment. In SCZ, EOS peptides/receptors may exert CIRS functions, whereas increased KOR levels may contribute to the pathophysiology of SCZ and EM2 and KOR to a non-response to treatment.
ABSTRACT Background: Color changes that are detectable to human eye can affect the esthetic appearance of ceramic veneers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of ...artificial accelerated aging on the color of ceramic veneers cemented with different resin cements. Materials and Methods: Sixty discs were prepared with 0.5 mm thickness, 30 discs made from IPS e.max press (Ivoclar Vivadent) and 30 discs were made from VITA Enamic (VITA Zahnfabrik). The discs were cemented with three resin cements: Variolink Veneer MV 0 shade (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rely X veneer Translucent shade (3M ESPE) and NX3 Nexus Clear shade (Kerr Corporation) with 0.1 mm thickness. The spectrophotometer Easyshade Advance was used to measure the color parameters (Lightness, axis a* of chroma and axis b*of chroma) immediately after cementation, after 150 and 300 hours of aging. The specimens were subjected to artificial accelerated aging in Accelerated Weathering Tester. Color change greater than 3.3 was considered unacceptable. One-way ANOVA, paired t-tests and Bonferroni adjusted t-test were used for statistical analysis (p
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