Sharpnose sharks Rhizoprionodon lalandii and R. porosus are frequently captured in fishing activities in Brazil and are significantly consumed by humans, especially in southeastern Brazil. Both ...species lack population data and suffer intense fishing pressures and habitat degradation, consequently hindering adequate management and conservation actions. In this context, this study aimed to assess mercury (Hg) contamination in R. lalandii, and R. porosus sampled off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, addressing both animal health and public health risks. Sharks were obtained from two artisanal fishing colonies in southeastern Brazil (Copacabana and Recreio dos Bandeirantes), located on the coastal zone adjacent to Guanabara Bay, one of the most important, productive, and contaminated estuaries in Brazil, and a further three artisanal fishing colonies from the Região dos Lagos area (Saquarema, Cabo Frio and Rio das Ostras). Hg concentrations in liver, muscle, and brain in R. lalandii (n = 24) and R. porosus (n = 20) specimens were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A gravid female measuring 112 cm from Copacabana is the first record for an individual of this size for R. lalandii. No correlation between length and muscle Hg concentrations was observed, and no differences between Hg concentrations for muscle or liver were found between male and female juveniles from either Cabo Frio or Rio das Ostras. No differences in Hg loads were observed herein for both assessed species. Low Hg bioaccumulation in juveniles and nongravid female muscle tissue was noted compared to significantly higher Hg concentrations in gravid females. Hg was detected in all embryos, indicating potential maternal offloading. As Hg thresholds for sharks in particular have not yet been established, whether the Hg concentrations detected in brain pose neurotoxic risks for these animals is not known. Public health concerns concerning adult R. lalandii consumption from Copacabana, however, are significant.
Although gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women have the highest HIV burden in Latin America, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation is poor. ...We aimed to assess the feasibility of same-day oral PrEP delivery in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.
Implementation PrEP (ImPrEP) was a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicentre PrEP implementation study conducted in Brazil (14 sites), Mexico (four sites), and Peru (ten sites). MSM and transgender women were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or older, HIV-negative, and reported one or more prespecified criteria. Enrolled participants received same-day initiation of daily oral PrEP (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg coformulated with emtricitabine 200 mg). Follow-up visits were scheduled at week 4 and quarterly thereafter. We used logistic regression models to identify factors associated with early loss to follow-up (not returning after enrolment), PrEP adherence (medication possession ratio ≥0·6), and long-term PrEP engagement (attending three or more visits within 52 weeks). This study is registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, U1111-1217-6021.
From Feb 6, 2018, to June 30, 2021, 9979 participants were screened and 9509 were enrolled (Brazil n=3928, Mexico n=3288, and Peru n=2293). 543 (5·7%) participants were transgender women, 8966 (94·3%) were cisgender men, and 2481 (26·1%) were aged 18–24 years. There were 12 185·25 person-years of follow-up. 795 (8·4%) of 9509 participants had early loss to follow-up, 6477 (68·1%) of 9509 were adherent to PrEP, and 5783 (70·3%) of 8225 had long-term PrEP engagement. Transgender women (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% CI 1·20–2·14), participants aged 18–24 years (1·80, 1·49–2·18), and participants with primary education (2·18, 1·29–3·68) had increased odds of early loss to follow-up. Transgender women (0·56, 0·46–0·70), participants aged 18–24 years (0·52, 0·46–0·58), and those with primary education (0·60, 0·40–0·91) had lower odds of PrEP adherence. Transgender women (0·56, 0·45–0·71), participants aged 18–24 years (0·56, 0·49–0·64), and those with secondary education (0·74, 0·68–0·86) had lower odds of long-term PrEP engagement. HIV incidence was 0·85 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0·70–1·03) and was higher for transgender women, participants from Peru, those aged 18–24 years, Black and mixed-race participants, and participants who were non-adherent to PrEP.
Same-day oral PrEP is feasible for MSM and transgender women in Latin America. Social and structural determinants of HIV vulnerability need to be addressed to fully achieve the benefits of PrEP.
Unitaid, WHO, and Ministries of Health in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.
For the Portuguese and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Brazil is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with about 37,000 species of land plants. Part of this biodiversity is within protected areas. The development of online databases in the ...last years greatly improved the available biodiversity data. However, the existing databases do not provide information about the protected areas in which individual plant species occur. The lack of such information is a crucial gap for conservation actions. This study aimed to show how the information captured from online databases, cleaned by a protocol and verified by taxonomists allowed us to obtain a comprehensive list of the vascular plant species from the "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia", the first national park founded in Brazil. All existing records in the online database JABOT (15,100 vouchers) were downloaded, resulting in 11,783 vouchers identified at the species level. Overall, we documented 2,316 species belonging to 176 families and 837 genera of vascular plants in the "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia". Considering the whole vascular flora, 2,238 species are native and 78 are non-native.
The "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia" houses 13% of the angiosperm and 37% of the fern species known from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Amongst these species, 82 have been cited as threatened, following IUCN categories (CR, EN or VU), seven are data deficient (DD) and 15 have been classified as a conservation priority, because they are only known from a single specimen collected before 1969.
Intracranial subdural hematoma is a rare complication of spinal anesthesia. We report two cases of women who developed chronic subdural hematoma post-spinal anesthesia diagnosed after prolonged ...clinical evolution of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) and we analyze other 33 cases found on literature review.
In 35 patients (ages 20–88 years, 19 males), 14 were older than 60 years (40%), of which 12 (86%) were males. The relationship is inverted in the group of younger patients (< 60 years), in which we observed twice as many women (14:7). Two peaks of higher incidence were observed: 30–39 years (31%) and 60–69 years (29%). The length of time from the beginning of symptoms until diagnosis ranged from 4 hours to 29 weeks. Headache was the main complaint in 26/35 (74.3%) patients; changes in the level of consciousness in 14/35 (40.0%); vomiting in 11/35 (31,4%); hemiplegia or hemiparesis in 8/35 (22.9%); diplopia or VI nerve paresis in 5/35 (14.3%); and language disorders in 4/35 (11.4%). Contributing factors included: pregnancy, multiple punctures, use of anticoagulants, intracranial vascular abnormalities, and brain atrophy. In 15 cases, a contributing factor was not mentioned. Four out of 35 patients (11.4%) remained with neurologic sequelae, and 4/35 (11.4%) died.
The presence of any of the signs or symptoms mentioned above should alert for the possibility of an intracranial subdural hematoma as a complication of puncture of the dura mater, especially in those patients with PDPH for more than one week, at which time investigation by neuroimaging is necessary.
Hematoma subdural intracraniano é uma complicação rara pós-anestesia subaracnóidea. Relatamos dois casos de mulheres que desenvolveram hematoma subdural crônico pós-anestesia subaracnóidea, diagnosticados após a evolução clínica prolongada de cefaleia pós-punção dural (CPPD) e analisamos outros 33 casos encontrados em revisão da literatura.
Nos 35 pacientes (idade entre 20–88 anos, 19 homens), 14 tinham mais de 60 anos (40%) sendo 12 (86%) homens. A relação se inverte no grupo de pacientes mais jovens (< 60 anos), no qual há duas vezes mais mulheres (14:7). Dois picos de maior incidência foram observados: 30–39 anos (31%) e 60–69 anos (29%). O período de tempo decorrido entre o início dos sintomas até o diagnóstico variou entre 4 horas e 29 semanas. Cefaleia foi referida por 26/35 (74,3%) casos; alteração do nível de consciência em 14/35 (40,0%); vômitos em 11/35 (31,4%); hemiplegia ou hemiparesia em 8/35 (22,9%); diplopia ou paresia do VI nervo craniano em 5/35 (14,3%); e distúrbio da linguagem em 4/35 (11,4%). Os fatores contribuintes foram: gravidez, múltiplas punções, uso de anticoagulantes, anormalidades vasculares intracranianas e atrofia cerebral. Em 15 casos, não foi citado qualquer fator contribuinte. Quatro em 35 pacientes (11,4%) ficaram com sequelas neurológicas e 4/35 (11,4%) morreram.
A presença de qualquer um desses sinais ou sintomas mencionados serve de alerta para a possibilidade de ocorrer hematoma subdural intracraniano como complicação da punção dural, principalmente naqueles pacientes que apresentaram CPPD por mais de uma semana, quando uma investigação por neuroimagem se faz necessária.
El hematoma subdural intracraneal es una complicación rara postanestesia subaracnoidea. Relatamos aquí dos casos de mujeres que desarrollaron hematoma subdural crónico postanestesia Subaracnoidea, diagnosticados posteriormente a la evolución clínica prolongada de cefalea postpunción dural (CPPD), y analizamos otros 33 casos encontrados en una revisión de la literatura.
En los 35 pacientes (edad entre 20 y 88 años, 19 hombres), 14 tenían más de 60 años (40%) siendo 12 (86%) hombres. La relación se invierte en el grupo de pacientes más jóvenes (< 60 años), en donde encontramos dos veces más mujeres (14:7). En los picos de mayor incidencia se observaron: de 30 a 39 años (31%) y de 60 a 69 años (29%). El período de tiempo transcurrido entre el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico varió entre 4 horas y 29 semanas. La cefalea fue relatada por 26/35 (74,3%) casos; la alteración del nivel de conciencia en 14/35 (40,0%); vómitos en 11/35 (31,4%); hemiplejía o hemiparesia en 8/35 (22,9%); diplopía o paresia del VI nervio craneal en 5/35 (14,3%); y disturbio del lenguaje en 4/35 (11,4%). Los factores contribuyentes fueron: el embarazo, múltiples punciones, uso de anticoagulantes, anormalidades vasculares intracraneales y atrofia cerebral. En 15 casos, no se citó ningún factor contribuyente. En 4/35 (11,4%) pacientes quedaron con secuelas neurológicas y 4/35 (11,4%) fallecieron.
La presencia de cualquier una de esas señales o síntomas mencionados, sirve de alerta para la posibilidad del aparecimiento del hematoma subdural intracraneal como complicación de la punción dural, principalmente en aquellos pacientes que presentaron CPPD durante más de una semana, haciéndose necesaria una investigación por neuro imagen.
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) seems to involve genetic susceptibility to neurodegeneration. APOE gene has been considered a risk factor for PD. This study aimed to evaluate the ...association of APOE polymorphism with PD and its influence on lipid profile. We studied 232 PD patients (PD) and 169 individuals without the disease. The studied polymorphism was analyzed by PCR/RFLP. The Fisher's exact test, chi-square, ANOVA, and t-test (P<0.05) were applied. The APOE3/3 genotype was prevalent in PD patients and Controls (P=0.713) followed by APOE3/4 (P=0.772). Both groups showed recommended values for lipid profile, with increase in the values of total cholesterol and LDLc, as well as decreased values of triglycerides in PD patients compared with Controls (P<0.05 for all of them). Increased levels of HDLc, in PD patients, were associated with the APOE3/3 versus APOE-/4 genotypes (P=0.012). The APOE polymorphism does not distinguish PD patients from Controls, as opposed to the lipid profile alone or in association with APOE. Furthermore, a relationship between increase of HDLc levels and APOE3 in homozygous was found in PD patients only.
A SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) has been associated with increased transmissibility, hospitalization, and mortality. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with B.1.1.7 VOC ...infection in the context of vaccination. On March 2021, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal samples from 14 of 22 individuals vaccinated with a single-dose of ChAdOx1 (outbreak A,
= 26), and 22 of 42 of individuals with two doses of the CoronaVac vaccine (outbreak B,
= 52) for breakthrough infection rates for ChAdOx1 of 63.6% and 52.4% for CoronaVac. The outbreaks were caused by two independent clusters of the B.1.1.7 VOC. The serum of PCR-positive symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals had ~1.8-3.4-fold more neutralizing capacity against B.1.1.7 compared to the serum of asymptomatic individuals. These data based on exploratory analysis suggest that the B.1.1.7 variant can infect individuals partially immunized with a single dose of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine or fully immunized with two doses of an inactivated vaccine, although the vaccines were able to reduce the risk of severe disease and death caused by this VOC, even in the elderly.
ALINE/LALINET Network Status Landulfo, Eduardo; da Silva Lopes, Fabio Juliano; de Arruda Moreira, Gregori ...
EPJ Web of Conferences,
01/2016, Letnik:
119
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Latin American Lidar Network, ALINE a.k.a LALINET is a federation lidar network established in 2008 which became a member of GALION/GAW program in 2013. Currently the network consists of 9 ...operational stations with the perspective of two more stations to be included. The network today covers more than 18 million Km2 and spans in latitude from -52° to 21° and in longitude from -78° to -47°. It should cover a larger area in the future as planned with the inclusion of more active stations.
Objective. To evaluate Doppler velocimetry parameters (resistance index RI, pulsatility index PI and systolic diastolic S D ratio) of maternal-fetal circulation before and after magnesium sulfate ...administration in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia. Methods. A prospective observational cohort analysis of 40 women with severe preeclampsia was performed. Doppler ultrasonography scans were performed before and 20 minutes after intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate. Maternal parameters such as heart rate, and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were recorded. Doppler flow velocity parameters (RI, PI and S D ratio) were evaluated in the uterine, umbilical and middle cerebral arteries. The different mean values obtained before and after magnesium sulphate were analyzed using the paired t-test. Results. There was a statistically significant increase in mean maternal heart rate and a statistically significant decrease in systolic, diastolic and mean maternal blood pressure before and after administration of magnesium sulphate (p < 0.001). Resistance index decreased in the umbilical (p = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.008 - 0.03) and middle cerebral artery (p = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.05) and in both uterine arteries. Likewise, there was a significant reduction in the PI and S D ratio in all the arteries assessed. Conclusions. Maternal administration of intravenous magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia leads to an increase in maternal heart rate and a decrease in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. A reduction in the resistance index, pulsatility index and S D ratio was recorded in the uterine, umbilical and cerebral arteries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of effective and efficient ways of handling real-world applications is becoming increasingly widespread, yet it still faces a number of practical challenges. First and foremost, we ...have the limited availability of labeled data in contrast to an unbounded number of unlabeled ones. Despite some efforts in active semi-supervised learning, their success depends on an approach suitable to be applied to real massive data. In this paper, we introduce a novel integration of semi-supervised learning and a priori-reduction and organization criteria for active learning based on Optimum-Path Forest classifiers. Encouraging results on both public and real data show the synergy of these strategies jointly. Our approach iteratively generates semi-supervised classifiers that attain high accuracy by selecting the most representative labeled set, while decreasing the propagated errors on the unlabeled set. In addition, it is able to identify samples from all classes quickly while keeping user interaction to a minimum throughout the learning iterations.
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