Bacterial biofilm can occur on all medical implanted devices and lead to infection and/or dysfunction of the device. For all treatments, the optical and scanning electron microscope images showed ...substantial less biofilm biomass remaining on the silicone implant compared to non-treated implant. Depending on the materials used, the biofilm dislodging technique must be adapted. The US procedure was the best technic to dislodge S. epidermidis biofilm on silicone, piccline, peripheral venous catheter but not endotracheal tube. This suggested that scientists should compare themselves different methods before designing a protocol of biofilm study on a given material.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
CTX-M a major type of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli are increasingly involved in human infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate potential ...reservoirs for such strains: soils, cattle, and farm environment. The prevalence of bla(CTX-M) genes was determined directly from soil DNA extracts obtained from 120 sites in Burgundy (France) using real-time PCR. bla(CTX-M) targets were found in 20% of the DNA extracts tested. Samples of cattle feces (n = 271) were collected from 182 farms in Burgundy. Thirteen ESBL-producing isolates were obtained from 12 farms and further characterized for the presence of bla genes. Of the 13 strains, five and eight strains carried bla(TEM-71) genes and bla(CTX-M-1) genes respectively. Ten strains of CTX-M-1 producing E. coli were isolated from cultivated and pasture soils as well as from composted manure within two of these farms. The genotypic analysis revealed that environmental and animal strains were clonally related. Our study confirms the occurrence of CTX-M producing E. coli in cattle and reports for the first time the occurrence of such strains in cultivated soils. The environmental competence of such strains has to be determined and might explain their long term survival since CTX-M isolates were recovered from a soil that was last amended with manure 1 year before sampling.
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an emerging pathogen in cystic fibrosis patients. The multidrug resistance of these bacteria remains poorly understood. We have characterized in a clinical strain the ...first resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type multidrug efflux pump in this species: AxyABM. The inactivation of the transporter component axyB gene led to decreased MICs of cephalosporins (except cefepime), aztreonam, nalidixic acid, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol.
Abstract
Objectives
To characterize the structure of Salmonella genomic islands 1 (SGI1s) from two clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates: one producing an ESBL and the other a penicillinase.
Methods
...WGS completed by PCR and Sanger sequencing was performed to determine sequences of SGI1s from Pm2CHAMA and Pm37THOMI strains.
Results
Two new variants of SGI1 named SGI1-Pm2CHAMA (53.6 kb) and SGI1-K7 (55.1 kb) were identified. The backbone of SGI1-Pm2CHAMA shared 99.9% identity with that of SGI1. Its MDR region (26.3 kb) harboured two class 1 integrons (an In2-type integron and an In4-type integron) containing in particular a qacH cassette (encoding a quaternary ammonium compound efflux pump). These two integrons framed a complex region (harbouring among others blaCARB-4) resulting from transposon insertions mediated by IS26 and successive transposition events of ISs (ISAba14 isoform and the new ISPmi2). The second variant (SGI1-K7) had the same backbone as SGI1-K. Its MDR region (29.7 kb) was derived from that of SGI1-K and was generated by three events. The two main events were mediated by IS26: inversion of a large portion of the MDR region of SGI1-K and insertion of a structure previously reported on plasmids carried by prevalent and successful MDR clones of Enterobacteriaceae. This last event led to the insertion of the blaCTX-M-15 gene into SGI1-K7.
Conclusions
This study confirmed the great plasticity of the MDR region of SGI1 and its potential key role for the dissemination of clinically significant antibiotic resistance among Enterobacteriaceae.
We isolated IMP-19-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 7 patients with nosocomial infections linked to contaminated sinks in France. We showed that bla
was located on various class 1 integrons ...among 8 species of gram-negative bacilli detected in sinks: P. aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, A. aegrifaciens, P. putida, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, P. mendocina, Comamonas testosteroni, and Sphingomonas sp.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To investigate an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacter cloacae that occurred in the Hematology ward (24-bed unit) of the François Mitterrand University Hospital ...(Dijon, France) between January 2011 and December 2013. The outbreak involved 43 patients (10 infected and 33 colonized).
We performed environmental analysis to detect multiresistant E. cloacae for comparison with clinical isolates (genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST as well as ESBL-typing) and determined the MICs of the quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC). A bleach-based cleaning-disinfection program was implemented in December 2012 after mechanical removal of the biofilm in all sinks.
We have detected 17 ESBL-producing E. cloacae in patients sink drains, shower drains and medical sink drains. Sequencing of the bla genes performed on 60 strains recovered from patients and environment (n = 43 clinical and n = 17 environmental) revealed that bla CTX-M15 was predominant (37 isolates) followed by bla CTX-M9 plus bla SHV-12 (20 isolates). We observed a great diversity among the isolates: 14 pulsotypes (11 STs) in clinical isolates and 9 pulsotypes (7 STs) in environmental isolates. Six pulsotypes were identical between clinical and environmental isolates. MICs of the quaternary ammonium compounds widely used for disinfection were very high in clinical and environmental isolates. Immediately after the implementation of the disinfection program we noticed a substantial fall in cases number. Our findings demonstrate the role of drains as important reservoir of ESBL-producing E. cloacae and highlight the necessity to settle drains accessible to achieve correct cleaning as well as to use disinfectant with proved activity against nosocomial pathogens.
The aim of this study, was to characterize the extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing clinical strains of Escherichia coli isolated between January 2009 and June 2012 from Algerian ...hospitals and to determine the prevalence of 16S rRNA methylase among them. Sixty-seven ESBL-producers were detected among the 239 isolates included: 52 CTX-M-15-producers, 5 CTX-M-3-producers, 5 CTX-M-1-producers, 2 CTX-M-14-producers, 2 SHV-12-producers and one TEM-167-producer. Among the ESBL-producing strains twelve harbored 16S rRNA methylase genes: 8 rmtB and 4 armA. rmtB was located on a IncFIA plasmid and armA was located either on a IncL/M or a IncFIA plasmid. RmtB-producing isolates were genotypically related and belonged to the sequence type ST 405 whereas ArmA-producing isolates belonged to ST10, ST 167, and ST 117. This first description of 16S rRNA methylases among E. coli in Algerian hospitals pointed out the necessity to establish control measures to avoid their dissemination.
PDF
