Here we describe the components of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex that we term the CoREST-HDAC complex. CoREST-HDAC is composed of polypeptides distinct from previously characterized ...HDAC1/2-containing complexes such as the mSin3 and nucleosome remodeling and deacetylating (NRD, also named NURD, NuRD) complex. Interestingly, we do not observe RbAp46 and RbAp48 in this complex, although these proteins have been observed in all previously identified complexes and are thought to be part of an HDAC1/2 core. We identify the transcriptional corepressor CoREST and a protein with homology to polyamine oxidases as components of CoREST-HDAC. The HDAC1/2-interacting region of CoREST is mapped to a 179-aa region containing a SANT domain, a domain found in other HDAC1/2-interacting proteins such as NCoR, MTA1, and MTA2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the corepressor function of CoREST depends on this region. Although CoREST initially was cloned as a corepressor to REST (RE1 silencing transcription factor/neural restrictive silencing factor), we find no evidence for the existence of the eight-zinc finger REST transcription factor as an interacting partner in this complex; however, we do find evidence for association of the putative oncogene ZNF 217 that contains eight zinc fingers.
Nutrients consumed during the adult stage are a key factor affecting the growth, development, and reproduction of insect offspring and thus could play an important role in insect population research. ...However, there is absence of conclusive evidence regarding the direct effects of parental (F
) nutritional status on offspring (F
) fitness in insects.
Matsumura is a serious, widespread fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts orchards and the agricultural economy across East Asia. In this study, life history data of F
directly descended from F
fed with seven different nutrients (water as control, 5 g·L
honey solution, 10 g·L
honey solution, 5 g·L
sucrose solution, 10 g·L
sucrose solution, 15 g·L
sucrose solution, and 20 g·L
sucrose solution) were collected under laboratory conditions. The growth and development indices, age-stage specific survival rate, age-stage specific fecundity, age-stage specific life expectancy, age-stage specific reproductive value, and population parameters of these offspring were analyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the nutritional status of F
differentially affects the growth, development, and reproduction of F
. The F
offspring of F
adult
fed with 10 g·L
sucrose had significantly higher life table parameters than those of other treatments (intrinsic rate of increase,
= 0.0615 ± 0.0076; finite rate of increase,
= 1.0634 ± 0.0081; net reproductive rate,
= 12.61 ± 3.57); thus, 10 g·L
sucrose was more suitable for raising
in the laboratory than other treatments. This study not only provides clear evidence for the implications of altering F
nutritional conditions on the fitness of F
in insects, but also lays the foundation for the implementation of feeding technologies within the context of a well-conceived laboratory rearing strategy for
.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Mindfulness-based psychoeducation program (MBPP) has been proposed as a new approach to improve the overall outcomes for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. However, to date, limited ...studies have examined the participants' experiences of MBPP for schizophrenia.
The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) who underwent an 8-week MBPP with respect to their perception of the benefits and unusual challenges of mindfulness training and self-practices.
Twenty-four (n = 24) individuals with SSDs were invited to participate in an 8-week MBPP. A total of eight participants were invited for semi-structured interview one week after the final class of MBPP. The semi-structured interview was conducted in Cantonese and data were transcribed by the first author. Of the eight participants, five participants had unusual experiences and three participants had a positive experience with MBPP. They were included to provide more candid understanding on the constituents of diverse experience towards MBPP. An interview guide was developed to understand the patients' perceptions of MBPP, the challenege in self-practising mindfulness, and the changes in how they coped with their illness during and after taking part in MBPP. Qualitative data from the semi-structured interview were recorded by a research assistant and the transcripts were proof-read by the participants to ensure accuracy. The Software NVivo 12 Pro was used to manage the qualitative data from the semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was adopted to identify the major themes from the qualitative data.
Five themes emerged: developing a state of mindfulness, empowering illness management, learning a new way to regulate emotion, encountering barriers in self-practising mindfulness and preference for bodily mindfulness.
The findings provide comprehensive knowledge and deeper insights into treatment processes of mindfulness psychoeducation as an intervention for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
This study establishes a body of knowledge regarding people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who received mindfulness psychoeducation intervention. The results suggest that patients can develop a new way to regulate emotion and manage their illness through mindfulness psychoeducation. The perceived negative experience of some patients also warrants closer attention in mindfulness practice, especially for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Further research could focus on factors leading to the negative consequences of mindfulness practice and the ways to minimize the negative consequeces.
Emotion dysregulation has emerged as a transdiagnostic factor that potentially exacerbates the risk of early-onset, maintenance, and relapse of psychosis. Mindfulness is described as the awareness ...that emerges from paying attention to the present moment without judgment. It gently pulls the mind out of the negative emotions induced by the disparity between expectation and reality by focusing on the present moment, instead of worrying about the future or regretting the past. However, only a few research has ever focused on the efficacy of using a mindfulness-based intervention to improve emotion regulation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation Programme (MBPP) on the emotion regulation of individuals with schizophrenia, in particular, to access emotion regulation strategies. The objective of this study was to find out whether MBPP is feasible for improving emotion regulation strategies, in terms of rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression, with a sustainable effect at a three-month follow-up.
A single-blinded pilot randomised controlled trial with repeated-measures designs was adopted. Forty-six participants diagnosed with schizophrenia and its subtypes were randomised in either the 8-week mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme or treatment-as-usual (control) group.
The results of the Generalised Estimating Equations test indicated that the MBPP group showed a significant improvement in reappraisal at a three-month follow-up (β = -6.59, Wald's
=4.55, p=0.033), and a significant reduction in rumination across time. However, the Generalised Estimating Equations indicated no significant difference in rumination and expressive suppression in the MBPP group. Two participants reported having unwanted experiences, including feelings of terror and distress during the mindfulness practice.
The MBPP appeared to be effective for improving emotion regulation, which will contribute to future large-scale RCT to confirm the treatment effects in more diverse groups of schizophrenic patients.
Objectives
To summarise recent developments in emergency care in Kiribati, a developing Pacific Island nation. Multiple donor countries and agencies have partnered in this process. Changes in medical ...training, staffing models and planned infrastructure developments are all described, with a particular focus on a recent emergency nurse training programme.
Methods
A bespoke nurse education course was developed by external clinical nurse specialists in collaboration with local administrators and clinicians, incorporating WHO Basic Emergency Care course. The nine‐day course was delivered to 18 nurses, over a 3‐week period to accommodate rostering requirements. Pre‐ and post‐course assessment was undertaken.
Results
Quantitative assessment improved from 87.11 ± 7.46 (mean ± SD) to 94.89 ± 5.95 (t = 5.45, P < 0.001). Qualitative scenario‐based assessment confirmed marked improvement.
Conclusions
A multifaceted development strategy has proven essential for progression in emergency care. Nurse education is an essential component of this, and the existing model has potential for other similar nations.
Studies have shown that rumination plays a significant mediating role between dispositional mindfulness (DM) and psychopathological symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical populations. However, no ...studies have examined this pathway in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs).
A cross-sectional, clinician-administered survey was conducted among people with SSDs (n = 52) in a community setting. Participants completed the Chinese versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form, Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Structural equation modelling was performed to examine the pathways of mindfulness facets, rumination, negative emotions and psychotic symptoms.
Two facets of mindfulness (nonjudging and acting with awareness) reduced rumination and negative emotional status. Rumination fully mediated the relationship between nonjudging and negative emotions and partially mediated the relationship between acting with awareness and negative emotions. Furthermore, rumination and negative emotions sequentially mediated the relationship between acting with awareness and hallucination (B = -0.44, 95% confidence interval CI = -0.338 to -0.045, p = 0.01) and between nonjudging and hallucination (B = -0.356, 95% CI = -0.255 to -0.008, p = 0.034). The model fit the data well (χ
(2) = 1.318, p = 0.517, Tucker-Lewis index = 1.075, comparative fit index = 1, standardised root mean residual = 0.0251, root mean square error of approximation = 0.0001).
Rumination and negative emotions serially mediated the relationship between DM and hallucination. The findings support the contribution of changes across transdiagnostic mediators underlying the therapeutic effects of mindfulness training. Further research examining the transdiagnostic processes of DM in influencing clinical outcomes in SSDs is warranted.
The peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, is a significant fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts the East Asian agricultural economy. To aid the development of pest control strategies, ...peach fruit moths are raised and studied for multiple generations in laboratory. It is important when maintaining a laboratory moth colony to consider the effects of nutrition on the colony’s growth, survival, and reproduction. In this study, adult peach fruit moths (Fsub.0) were divided into separate groups, and each group was fed one of seven different nutrient solutions under laboratory conditions. The development and fitness of the moths’ offspring (Fsub.1) were then analyzed. The results showed that Fsub.0 adult peach fruit moths fed with 10 grams per liter sucrose had Fsub.1 offspring with significantly higher fitness and reproductive parameters, suggesting that this concentration of sucrose is more suitable for raising laboratory peach fruit moths. Thus, appropriate nutrition during the adult stage of the peach fruit moth’s life cycle could play an important role in the development of future offspring in laboratory studies and in turn influence the future of East Asian agriculture. Nutrients consumed during the adult stage are a key factor affecting the growth, development, and reproduction of insect offspring and thus could play an important role in insect population research. However, there is absence of conclusive evidence regarding the direct effects of parental (Fsub.0) nutritional status on offspring (Fsub.1) fitness in insects. Carposina sasakii Matsumura is a serious, widespread fruit-boring pest that negatively impacts orchards and the agricultural economy across East Asia. In this study, life history data of Fsub.1 directly descended from Fsub.0C. sasakii fed with seven different nutrients (water as control, 5 g·Lsup.−1 honey solution, 10 g·Lsup.−1 honey solution, 5 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution, 10 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution, 15 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution, and 20 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose solution) were collected under laboratory conditions. The growth and development indices, age-stage specific survival rate, age-stage specific fecundity, age-stage specific life expectancy, age-stage specific reproductive value, and population parameters of these offspring were analyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the nutritional status of Fsub.0 differentially affects the growth, development, and reproduction of Fsub.1. The Fsub.1 offspring of Fsub.0 adult C. sasakii fed with 10 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose had significantly higher life table parameters than those of other treatments (intrinsic rate of increase, r = 0.0615 ± 0.0076; finite rate of increase, λ = 1.0634 ± 0.0081; net reproductive rate, Rsub.0 = 12.61 ± 3.57); thus, 10 g·Lsup.−1 sucrose was more suitable for raising C. sasakii in the laboratory than other treatments. This study not only provides clear evidence for the implications of altering Fsub.0 nutritional conditions on the fitness of Fsub.1 in insects, but also lays the foundation for the implementation of feeding technologies within the context of a well-conceived laboratory rearing strategy for C. sasakii.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies offer a clinically validated platform for drug discovery. In generating functionally active bispecific antibodies, it is necessary to identify a unique parental ...antibody pair to merge into a single molecule. However, technologies that allow high-throughput production of bispecific immunoglobulin Gs (BsIgGs) for screening purposes are limited. Here, we describe a novel bispecific antibody format termed tethered-variable CLBsIgG (tcBsIgG) that allows robust production of intact BsIgG in a single cell line, concurrently ensuring cognate light chain pairing and preserving key antibody structural and functional properties. This technology is broadly applicable in the generation of BsIgG from a variety of antibody isotypes, including human BsIgG1, BsIgG2 and BsIgG4. The practicality of the tcBsIgG platform is demonstrated by screening BsIgGs generated from FGF21-mimetic anti-Klotho-β agonistic antibodies in a combinatorial manner. This screen identified multiple biepitopic combinations with enhanced agonistic activity relative to the parental monoclonal antibodies, thereby demonstrating that biepitopic antibodies can acquire enhanced functionality compared to monospecific parental antibodies. By design, the tcBsIgG format is amenable to high-throughput production of large panels of bispecific antibodies and thus can facilitate the identification of rare BsIgG combinations to enable the discovery of molecules with improved biological function.
Glucose is a primary fuel source to the brain, yet the influence of dysglycemia on neurodevelopment in children with type 1 diabetes remains unclear. We examined brain activation using functional MRI ...in 80 children with type 1 diabetes (mean ± SD age 11.5 ± 1.8 years; 46% female) and 47 children without diabetes (control group) (age 11.8 ± 1.5 years; 51% female) as they performed a visuospatial working memory (N-back) task. Results indicated that in both groups, activation scaled positively with increasing working memory load across many areas, including the frontoparietal cortex, caudate, and cerebellum. Between groups, children with diabetes exhibited reduced performance on the N-back task relative to children in the control group, as well as greater modulation of activation (i.e., showed greater increase in activation with higher working memory load). Post hoc analyses indicated that greater modulation was associated in the diabetes group with better working memory function and with an earlier age of diagnosis. These findings suggest that increased modulation may occur as a compensatory mechanism, helping in part to preserve working memory ability, and further, that children with an earlier onset require additional compensation. Future studies that test whether these patterns change as a function of improved glycemic control are warranted.
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