Abstract
This study investigated for the first time a simple bio-synthesis approach for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using
Annona muricata L
(
A. muricata
) plant extract to ...test their anti-cancer effects. The presence of CuONPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antiproliferative properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against (AMJ-13), (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines, and the human breast epithelial cell line (HBL-100) as healthy cells. This study indicates that CuONPs reduced cell proliferation for AMJ-13 and MCF-7. HBL-100 cells were not significantly inhibited for several concentration levels or test periods. The outcomes suggest that the prepared copper oxide nanoparticles acted against the growth of specific cell lines observed in breast cancer. It was observed that cancer cells had minor colony creation after 24 h sustained CuONPs exposure using (IC
50
) concentration for AMJ-13 was (17.04 µg mL
−1
). While for MCF-7 cells was (18.92 µg mL
−1
). It indicates the uptake of CuONPs by cancer cells, triggering apoptosis. Moreover, treatment with CuONPs enhanced Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production, probably caused by cell membrane damage, creating leaks comprising cellular substances like lactate dehydrogenase. Hence, research results suggested that the synthesized CuONPs precipitated anti-proliferative effects by triggering cell death through apoptosis.
Zinc oxide-silver (ZnO-Ag), and zinc oxide-gold (ZnO-Au) nano-composites were prepared through wet chemical process and laced into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to yield ZnO-Ag-SWCNTs, and ...ZnO-Au-SWCNTs hybrids. These nano-composite-laced SWCNTs hybrids were characterized using Raman spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The hybrids were evaluated for their effects on phagocytic cells and bactericidal activity against the gram-negative bacteria E. coli. Their phagocytic cell activities and intracellular killing actions were found to be significantly increased, as the ZnO-Ag-SWCNTs and ZnO-Au-SWCNTs nano-hybrids induced widespread clearance of Escherichia coli. An increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also led to upregulated phagocytosis, which was determined mechanistically to involve the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) pathway. The findings emphasized the roles of ZnO-Ag- and ZnO-Au-decorated SWCNTs in the prevention of bacterial infection by inhibiting biofilm formation, showing the potential to be utilized as catheter coatings in the clinic.
Nanomaterials and nanostructures have shown fascinating performances in various biomedicine fields, from cosmetic to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Engineered nanomaterials can encapsulate both ...lipophilic and hydrophilic substances/drugs to eliminate their limitations in the free forms, such as low bioavailability, multiple drug administration, off-target effects, and various side effects. Moreover, it is possible to deliver the loaded cargo to the desired site of action using engineered nanomaterials. One approach that has made nanocarriers more sophisticated is the “biomimetic” concept. In this scenario, biomolecules (e.g., natural proteins, peptides, phospholipids, cell membranes) are used as building blocks to construct nanocarriers and/or modify agents. For instance, it has been reported that specific cells tend to migrate to a particular site during specific circumstances (e.g., inflammation, tumor formation). Employing the cell membrane of these cells as a coating for nanocarriers confers practical targeting approaches. Accordingly, we introduce the biomimetic concept in the current study, review the recent studies, challenge the issues, and provide practical solutions.
Objective
This study assay the toxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO
2
NPs) on peripheral blood lymphocytes and Hep-2 cell by measuring Mitotic Index (MI), Blastogenic Index (BI), ...Total Chromosomal Aberration (TCA) and growth rate of cancer cells.
Methods
TiO
2
NPs were synthesized using laser technique by ablation of titanium target immersed in distilled de-ionized water (DDW) using Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser with repetition rate of 1 Hz, wavelength of 1064 nm, 300 pulses and energy of 400 mJ. Chromosomal analyses were carried out at different concentrations of synthesized TiO
2
NPs (0.0, 45, 90, and 180) µg/mL.
Results
X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited anatase phase of prepared TiO
2
NPs and showed that the crystalline structures of TiO
2
NPs is tetragonal. Absorption spectrum of TiO
2
NPs was at ultraviolet-region 215 nm due to Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and the particles size distribution of the prepared TiO
2
NPs ranged from 40 to 110 nm. Finding showed that both MI and BI suffered from high reduction while TCA suffered from significant elevation represented by Chromatid Breaks (CB), Micronuclei (MN) and Ring Chromosome (RC). The highest proportion of (TCA) has been observed in 180 µg/mL of TiO
2
NPs, (significant at p ≤ 0.05). while the toxic effects of prepared TiO
2
NPs on Hep-2 cell line represent decline in growth rate with an increase in concentration of TiO
2
NPs with malformation in the cell structure and shape and placement of the nucleus.
Conclusion
The ablation via Q-switched Nd: YAG laser has adequacy to prepare TiO
2
NPs with 215 nm absorption spectrum, nearly spherical particles and suitable particle size (40–110 nm). In vitro assay showed that prepared TiO
2
NPs have significant cytotoxic effects on peripheral blood lymphocyte and Hep-2 cell line by reduction in both Mitotic index (MI) and blastogenic index (BI) and growth rate of cancer cells.
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